College Chemistry Unit 6

shielding effect

the reduction of the attractive force between a nucleus and its outer electrons due to the blocking effect of inner electrons

effective nuclear charge

the total amount of attraction that an electron feels for the nucleus

effective nuclear charge trend

increases up and to the right

Atomic Radius

size of an atom

atomic radius trend

increases down and to the left

Cation Size

Become smaller than their atom

anion size

Become larger than their atom

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

ionization energy trend

increases up and to the right

electron affinity

the energy change associated with the addition of an electron

electron affinity trend

Becomes more negative across a period.

properties of metals

Shiny luster, high malleability, ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, high melting point

properties of nonmetals

dull, brittle, poor conductors of electricity and heat, low melting point

metal oxide + water produce

metal hydroxides (a base)

nonmetal oxide + water produce

an acid

metal + nonmetal produce

ionic compound

Metals

Shiny, most are silvery

Malleable and ductile

Good conductors

Form cations, low ionization energies

Metal oxides form hydroxides

Higher melting point

Non metals

Dull

Brittle, some are soft

Poor conductors

Form anions.

Nonmetal oxides form acids

Lower melting point

Alkali metals

Soft

Low density

Low melting points

One valence electron

Very reactive

1+ ion

Alkaline earth metals

Harder and denser than alkaline metals

Very reactive, but not as reactive

2+ ion

Halogens

Diatomic molecules

Form 1- ions

Reacts with metal

Noble gases

Exist as monotonic

Very unreactive