HSF Exam #1 Lecture Materials

anatomy

Form, Structure, or morphology of the body

physiology

functions of anatomical structures (body parts)

function

structure and _______ are largely related

atomes, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

What are the levels of structural organization?

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

What are the necessary life functions?

interdependent

All cell/systems are interrelated/__________

Superior (cranial)

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

inferior (caudal)

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

dorsal (posterior)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Dorsal (specifically)

Back

medial

Toward the midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline

intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

proximal

Closer to the torso or point of attachment

distal

Farther from the trunk of the body or point of attachment

superficial

Near or at the body surface

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Median (Midsagittal)

A plane that divides the body into right and left portions.

Frontal (coronal) plane

cuts body into front and back

Transverse Plane

Cuts body horizontally (up/down)

body cavities

spaces within the body that contain vital organs

Serous membranes

Cavities and Organs are lined with…

parietal and visceral

The serous membrane is made up of 2 layers, what are they?

parietal

lines the cavity wall

visceral

Lines the organ

Serous Fluid

Fills space b/w parietal and visceral embranes to prevent sticking and reduce friction

cranial cavity

houses the brain

vertebral cavity

encases spinal cord

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

abdominal cavity

contains primarily the major organs of digestion

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

pleural cavity

the potential space between the two layers of the pleura (visceral and parietal) that surrounds each lung

pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

abdominal Pelvic Cavity

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Ventral Body Cavity

Thoracic + Abdominopelvic Cavities

Dorsal Body Cavity

Cranial Cavity + Vertebral Cavity

Grid system, 4 large quadrants, 9 smaller regions

What do we use to get an accurate approximation of where the organs should be in the body?

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Name of area 1

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Name of Area 2

Right lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Name of Area 3?

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Name of Area 4?

Right Hypochondriac region

Region 1?

Epigastric region

Region 2?

Left Hypochondriac region

Region 3?

Right lumbar region

Region 4?

Umbilical region

Region 5?

Left Lumber region

Region 6?

Right Inguinal (iliac) region

Region 7?

Public (hypogastric) region

Region 8?

Left Inguinal (iliac) region

Region 9?

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eyes

Nasal

Nose

Buccal

Cheek

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Sternal, Axillary, Pectoral

Thoracic Includes (3)

Sternal

Sternum

Axillary

Armpit area

Mammary/Pectoral

Chest/breast area

Umbilical

Belly button

Pelvic

Area below umbilical

Inguinal

Crease b/w thigh

Pubic

Genital

Acromial

Top of shoulder (red)?

Deltoid

Below Acromial (orange)

Brachial

Arm (yellow)

Antecubital

Inner Elbow (green)

Antebrachial

Forearm (Blue)

Carpal

Wrist (Purple)

Digits

Fingers (pink)

Palmer

Palm

Pollex

Thumb

Coxal

Hip

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Knee

Crural

Leg (shin/front)

Fibular

Side of leg

Manus

Hand

Foot

Pedal

Tarsal

Ankle

Digits

toes

Cephalic

Head

Occipital

back of head

Scapular

Shoulder blades

Dorsal

Back

Vertebral

Spine

Lumbar

Lower back

Sacral

Between butt cheeks

Gluteal

Butt

Popliteal

Back of knee

Sural

Calf

Calcaneal

Heal

Plantar

Bottom of foot

Hallux

Big toe

Perineal

Between anus and external genitalia

• Skin, hair, and nails; cutaneous sense organs and glands

• Protects deeper organs, excretes salt & urea

Integumentary

• Bones, cartilages, tendons,

  ligaments, and joints

• Body support and protection of internal organs

Skeletal