ankle and lower leg muscles

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Last updated 1:03 AM on 8/8/26

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13 Terms

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Tibialis anterior

Origin: lateral condyle and proximal two-thirds of the shaft of the tibia and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: medial surface of the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: lateral condyle and proximal two-thirds of the shaft of the tibia and the interosseous membrane</p><p>Insertion: medial surface of the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal</p><p>Action: dorsiflexes and inverts the foot</p><p>Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)</p>

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Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: anterior surface of the middle of the fibula and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Action: dorsiflexes and inverts the foot, extends the great toe

Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: anterior surface of the middle of the fibula and the interosseous membrane</p><p>Insertion: dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe</p><p>Action: dorsiflexes and inverts the foot, extends the great toe</p><p>Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)</p>

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Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal three-fourths of the anterior surface of the fibula, and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal surface of the phalanges of the second through fifth toes

Action: dorsiflexes and everts the foot, extends the toes

Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal three-fourths of the anterior surface of the fibula, and the interosseous membrane</p><p>Insertion: dorsal surface of the phalanges of the second through fifth toes</p><p>Action: dorsiflexes and everts the foot, extends the toes</p><p>Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)</p>

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Peroneus tertius

Origin: distal third of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal surface of the fifth metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes and everts the foot

Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: distal third of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane</p><p>Insertion: dorsal surface of the fifth metatarsal</p><p>Action: dorsiflexes and everts the foot</p><p>Nerve root: deep peroneal (L5, S1)</p>

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Peroneus longus

Origin: proximal two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula

Insertion: ventral surface of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform

Action: plantar flexes and everts the foot

Nerve root: superficial peroneal (L4, L5, S1)

<p>Origin: proximal two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula</p><p>Insertion: ventral surface of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform</p><p>Action: plantar flexes and everts the foot</p><p>Nerve root: superficial peroneal (L4, L5, S1)</p>

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Peroneus brevis

Origin: distal two-thirds of the fibula

Insertion: lateral side of the fifth metatarsal

Action: plantar flexes and everts the foot

Nerve root: superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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Gastrocnemius

Action: medial and lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: calcaneus, via the Achilles tendon

Action: flexes the leg, plantar flexes the foot

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

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Soleus

Origin: posterior surface of the proximal third of the fibula and the middle third of the tibia

Insertion: calcaneus, via the Achilles tendon

Action: plantar flexes the foot

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S10)

<p>Origin: posterior surface of the proximal third of the fibula and the middle third of the tibia</p><p>Insertion: calcaneus, via the Achilles tendon</p><p>Action: plantar flexes the foot</p><p>Nerve root: tibial (L5, S10)</p>

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Plantaris

Origin: posterior surface of the femur above the lateral condyle

Insertion: calcaneus, via the Achilles tendon

Action: flexes the leg, plantar flexes the foot

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: posterior surface of the femur above the lateral condyle</p><p>Insertion: calcaneus, via the Achilles tendon</p><p>Action: flexes the leg, plantar flexes the foot</p><p>Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)</p>

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Popliteus

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: proximal portion of the tibia

Action: flexes and rotates the leg medially

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

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Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: lower two-thirds of the fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx of the great toe

Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot, flexes the great toe

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: lower two-thirds of the fibula</p><p>Insertion: distal phalanx of the great toe</p><p>Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot, flexes the great toe</p><p>Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)</p>

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Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: posterior surface of the tibia

Insertion: distal phalanx of the second through fifth toes

Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot, flexes the toes

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: posterior surface of the tibia</p><p>Insertion: distal phalanx of the second through fifth toes</p><p>Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot, flexes the toes</p><p>Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)</p>

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Tibialis posterior

Origin: posterior surface of the interosseous membrane, the tibia, and the fibula

Insertion: navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, second through fourth metatarsals

Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot

Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)

<p>Origin: posterior surface of the interosseous membrane, the tibia, and the fibula</p><p>Insertion: navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, second through fourth metatarsals</p><p>Action: plantar flexes and inverts the foot</p><p>Nerve root: tibial (L5, S1)</p>