Oceanography Final Exam

Protists

Algae (Unicellular Algae)

Animal

Eukaryotic (mammals

Photosynthesis

The process used by multicellular algae to make organic matter or glucose (food)

Chemosynthetic

Makes its own food using chemicals

Halophytes

A plant that is tolerant of saltwater

Hydrophytes

Seagrasses that lives submerged under water

Angiosperms

Flowering plants

Chlorophyll

A primary photosynthetic pigment found in ochrophyta that is molecularly unrelated to true chlorophylls

HAB

(Harmful Algae Bloom) release toxins into the water

Heterotroph

An organism that relies on other organisms for food. Also known as a consumer.

Autotroph

An organism that can produce its own food and is also known as a producer.

Frustule

Shell on a diatom

Bioluminescent

Organism that gives off light through a chemical reaction

Bacteriophage

Viruses that attack bacteria

Symbiosis

2 bacterias living off of each other and benefiting each other

Zooanthellae

A Dinoflagellates that has a positive symbiotic relationship with coral

Chromatophore

Pigment in cephalopods that allow them to change color

Spawning

Release sperm and eggs in water

Ovoviviparous

Producing eggs that develop within the maternal body and hatch within or immediately after release from the parent

Myomeres

Bands of muscles found in fish

Lampreys

Parasite that attaches to fish and slowly consumes the fish

Osmoregulation

Balancing of water and salt in fish

Hermaphrodite

Having both male and female sex organs

Sessile

Non moving

Dinoflagellates

2 flagella one is used for momentum and one wraps around the body. Unicellular protest and it's a primary producer

Thallus

Whole complete body of the seaweed

Blade

Leaf portion of the thallus leaf

Pneumatocyst

Gas filled bladders that allow parts of the thallus to float

Holdfasts

Root like structure used for attaching to sediment

Rhizome

A horizontal stem that grows underground

Mangroves

Shrubs and trees adapted to living along tropical and subtropical shores

Lichen

Organism that has symbiotic relationships between algae & fungus on rocks

White Cliffs of Dover

Formed by the shells of coccolithophorids

Bermuda/Bahamas sand color from forams

Pink (because of dead forams)

Heart chambers of humans vs fish

Humans have 4 & sharks have 2

Barbels on fish purpose

Sense of smell

Smallest Shark

Spiney pygmy shark

School of fish definition

A group of fish that are swimming together in a synchronized form for protection

Types of fish countershading

Ray defense - barbs

Shark uses by humans

Oil

Gets rid of excess salts in fish

Kidney

Membrane that covers sharks eyes while eating

Nictitating

Frequency of fish urinating

freshwater vs saltwater

Shark that gives birth in fresh water

Bull shark

Deadliest Shark

Bull shark

Shark that can sit on the ocean floor

Nurse sharks

Extinct shark related to the great white

Megalodon

Great white favorite food

Pennipedes

Clasper purpose

aid in reproduction

Examples of cartilaginous organisms

sharks

Sense salmon use to return to their spawning grounds

smell

Manta ray dietary habits

filter feeder

Lateral line purpose

picks up vibration in the water

Operculum

Hard protective gill covering

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Front of shark picks temperate and salinity changes

Hagfish defense mechanism

Slime

Unicellular algae

also called Microalgae

Kelp forests

large brown algae

Branching red algae

Articulating

Shape of a mangrove seedling

Pencil - shaped

Rhodophyta

red algae

Chlorophyta

green algae

Phaeophyta

brown algae

Mantle in the mollusk

Produces the shell

Gastropod

Stomach feet

Scallop movement

Clapping it's shell together

Gills in bivalves

Breathing and feeding

Visceral mass of a mollusk

Contains organs

Cephalopods defense

inking (ink)

Radula

the regular is a tongue-like and has teeth on it use to scrape food from the surface

Asymmetrical

symmetry (not balanced)

Organism that is Asymmetrical

Sponges

Is a sponge an animal?

Yes

Shells composition

Calcium Carbonate

Do Ctenophores have stinging cells?

No

How do Cephalopods move?

Jet propulsion

Fatal stinging jellyfish

Box Jelly

Organism showing both polyp and medusa life cycle

Jellyfish

Nematocyst

is the actual Harpoon part of the jellyfish

Symbiotic relationship with clown fish and shrimp

Sea anemone

Sessile body form with tentacles pointing up

Polyp

Coral skeleton composition

Calcium carbonate

Time that coral feed

At Night

Molting

shedding of exterior exoskeleton

Example of a crustacean

Crab

Purpose of water vascular system in echinoderms

Locomotion

How does a sea star move?

Using a network of internal tubes called the water vascular system

Saltwater Crocodile behavior towards humans

Saltwater Crocodiles are aggressive; they are bigger than normal swamp puppies and are commonly reported attacking humans

Sea Turtles excrete salt how?

Through salt glands located near their eyes

Marine reptiles reproduction

oviparous

Scutes

Another name for reptile scales

Sea turtle hatchlings guiding behavior

light from the horizon

Saltwater vs American Crocodile size

Saltwater crocodiles are larger

Marine reptile Endemic to Galapagos Islands

Marine Iguana

Sea Snakes Venom potency

very poisonous

How do marine iguana get rid of excess salt?

Sneezing

Ectothermic

can't create their own heat and get it from their surroundings

T.E.D.s

A device in nets that allow turtles to escape so the turtles aren't trapped underwater for too long (while still trapping fish).

Marine iguana reaction to cold water for too long

Muscles will seize up and they will drown.

Largest Sea Turtle

Leather Back.