Year 8 - Understanding Computers GR

Bit

The smallest piece of data represented on a computer

Byte

8 Bits

Kilobyte

1000 (1024) Bytes

Megabyte

1000 (1024) Kilobytes

Gigabyte

1000 (1024) Megabytes

Hard Drive

A way of storing files

Optical Storage

Light/Laser is used to read information from an object e.g. CD

Magnetic Storage

Magnets are used to detect data on magnetic storage. Each section of the metal plates are magnetised depening on if they are a 1 or a 0

Hardware

Physical pieces of a computer and it's accessories e.g Keyboard

Software

Programs you use on a computer e.g. Word Processor

Input

Something which inputs instructions into a computer

Output

Something which displays/prints information from a computer

Storage

Used to store files

CPU

The brain of the computer, this deals works out and carries out instructions given to it

Ram

Random Access Memory

Rom

Read Only Memory

Fetch

Gets the next instruction, "Load Microsoft word"

Decode

Works out what the instruction is - "This instruction wants me to open Microsoft word".

Execute

Carries out the instruction - "opens up Microsoft Word"

Hertz

Speed of the CPU - 1 hertz = 1 instruction

Binary

The ways in which computers communicate and their most basic level 1=on 0=Off

ASCII

A way of converting binary to characters

Denary

A 10 base number system (Human numbers)

Convert 0110 1010 to an integer number.

64 + 32 + 8 + 2 = 106

Convert 0011 0101 to an integer number.

32 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 53

Convert 50 to a binary number.

The binary representation of 50 is 0011 0010. This is obtained by summing 32 + 16 + 2.

Convert 99 to a binary number.

The binary representation of 99 is 0110 0011. This is obtained by summing 64 + 32 + 2 + 1.

What are the five rules of binary addition?

The five rules of binary addition are: 0 + 0 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 0 = 1, 1 + 1 = 0 (carry 1), and 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 (carry 1). These rules help in performing binary arithmetic accurately.

Add the binary 0001 1001 to 0000 1101

The result of adding the binary numbers 0001 1001 and 0000 1101 is 0010 0110, which is 38 in decimal.

Add the binary 0011 1101 to 0010 1101

The result of adding the binary numbers 0011 1101 and 0010 1101 is 0100 1010, which is 74 in decimal.