medical term final review

the prefix dys- means

difficult, painful, or bad

the combining form tax/o means _____

coordination, or order

moving your arm in a complete circular motion is

circumduction

breif, sudden, involuntary jerks of a muscle are called a ______

spasm (myoclonus)

fibrous scar tissue that abnormally binds tissues or organs together is an _______

adhesion

a patient with widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tenderness may be diagnosed with ______

fibromyalgia

a sphincter indicates muscle fibers arranged in a _________ pattern

ring-like / circular

bringing a limb closer to the body’s midline is called _____

adduction

when a muscle shortens and thickens to produce movement, it undergoes _______

contraction

the muscle responsible for raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead is the

frontalis / occipitofrontalis

therapy helping patients preform daily activities is _______ therapy

occupational

when a muscle returns to its resting length and becomes longer and thinner, it is undergoing _______

relaxation

straightening the elbow or knee is an example of ________

extension

a surgical procedure involving an incision into a muscle is called a ______

myotomy

a physician who specializes in disorders involving paralysis and the nervous system is a ______

neurologist

high-frequency sound waves used to treat muscle injuries are part of ______

therapeutic ultrasound

a tear or overstretching injury involving a muscle or tendon is called a _________

strain

a sudden involuntary contraction or one or more muscles is known as a

dystonia

inflammation of a tendon caused by repetitive or excessive use is called ________

tendinitis

the medical term fro muscle pain is

myalgia

the suffix -carsia refers to a ________ or blending of substances

mixture

fatty plaque accumulation within arterial wall is known as

atherosclerosis

a blood clot that remains attached to the wall of a blood vessel is called a

thrombus

varicose veins most commonly occur in the

legs

an inability to properly absorb vitamin B12 may result in _______ anemia

pernicious

a physician orders a thallium stress test to evaluate blood flow through the _______ arteries

coronary

a patient with a significantly reduced platelet count has

thrombocytopenia

the gradual narrowing of arteries caused by plaque buildup is called

arteriosclerosis

the outermost layer of the heart wall is the

epicardium

a swishing, blowing , or clicking sound heard during auscultation of the heart is called a

murmur

the two upper receiving chambers of the heart are known as the

atria

oxygen-rich blood flows into the left ventricle from the

left atrium

in the term ischemia, the root means to

hold back

a dangerous heart rhythm responsible for many sudden cardiac deaths is

v-fib

compared to arteries, veins have _____ walls.

thinner

the electrical conduction fibers that trigger ventricular contraction are the ______ fibres

purkinje

abnormal enlargement of the heart is known as

cardiomegaly

a resting heart rate that is slower than normal is called

bradycardia

deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through the

pulmonary artery

the top number in a blood pressure reading represents ______ pressure

systolic

a clot- dissolving medication commonly administered after a stroke or heart attack is

TPA

a wire-mesh device used to keep an artery open is called a

stent

progressive loss of memory, reasoning, and cognitive function is characteristic of

dementia

a person who intentionally pretend to be ill despite having no actual medical condition may have _____ disorder

factitious

the bacterial disease commonly known as lockjaw is

tetanus

inability to remember events occurring before an injury is called

retrograde amnesia

individuals with _______ may experience severe anxiety about leaving home or being in crowded public places

agoraphobia

sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex is relayed through the

thalamus

regulation of body temp is one or the primary functions of the

hypothalamus

medications prescribed to help a patient fall asleep are classified as

hypnotics

the brain structure responsible for smooth, coordinated movement is the

cerebellum

signals traveling between the central nervous system and the body are carried by the _______ spinal nerves

peripheral

a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain is called a

TIA (transient ischemic attack)

loss of the ability to understand or express language is known as

aphasia

intentionally exaggerating or faking symptoms for personal gain is called

malingering

taking a dangerous amount of medication or illegal drug is considers a

drug overdose

a long-term pattern of thoughts and behaviors that interferes with relationships and daily functioning is a _______ disorder

personality

the viral disease that may damage the spinal cord and cause paralysis is

polio

the combining form trop/o is associated with the action of

turn

a child develops red, itchy eyes with drainage. the medical term commonly used for pink eye is

conjunctivitis

enlargement of the pupil in response to medication or low light conditions is called

dilation

in the condition exotropia, the affected eye turns

outward

loss of vision affection one-half of the visual field is known as

hemianopia

the medical term used to describe ear pain is

otalgia

the bony cavity that houses and protect the eyeball is called the

orbit

during cataract surgery, the cloudy lens is removed through a procedure called

phacoemulsification

the colored portion of the eye that controls how much light enters through the pupil is the

iris

structures located outside of the eyeball are described as

extraocular

hearing loss caused by an inability of sound waves to properly travel through the ear is called ______ hearing loss

conductive

the portion of the temporal bone that contains air-filled spaces surrounding the middle ear is the

mastoid process

the combining form acr/o refers to the body’s

extremities

the combining form somat/o means

body

the hormone responsible for stimulating contractions of the uterus during childbirth is

oxytocin

a naturally occurring corticosteroid produces by the adrenal cortex is

cortisol

excessive enlargement of the hands,feet, and facial bones may indicate

acromegaly

elevated calcium levels in the bloodstream are referred to as

hypercalcemia

the hormone epinephrine is released from the

adrenal medulla

regulation of sodium and water balance is primarily controlled by the hormone

aldosterone

the pituitary gland is often called the ‘master gland’ because it _______ other endocrine glands

controls

the endocrine gland primarily responsible for controlling metabolism is the _______ gland.

thyroid

a patient whose pancreas produces little or no insulin may be diagnosed with ______ diabetes

type 1

the adrenal glands are located directly above the

kidneys

the hormone melatonin is secreted by the _______ gland

pineal

a life-threatening episode of severe hyperthyroidism is known as a

thyroid storm

insulin resistance is a hallmark feature of ________ diabetes

type 2

another name for prolactin is _________ hormone

lactogenic

while listening to a patient’s lungs, a provider hears crackling sounds during breathing. these sounds are called

rales

care focused on improving comfort and relieving symptoms rather that curing disease is known as _______ care

palliative

an imaging study that produce multiple cross- sectional views of the body is called _________ tomography

computed

a pericardiocentesis is performed to remove excess ____ from around the heart

fluid

the instrument used to inspect the ear canal and tympanic membrane is an

otoscope

abnormally high levels of calcium in the urine are described as

hypercalciuria

conventional western medical practice is also knowns as _______ medicine

allopathic

generic medications are frequently named according to their ______ structure

chemical

the scientific study of body movement and physical activity is called

kinesiology

an unintended and harmful response to a prescribed medication is an

adverse reaction

the laboratory test commonly used to identify the organism responsible for urinary tract infection is a urine _________ and sensitivity test

culture

another medical term for cardiopuncture is

cardiocentesis

determining the number of erythrocytes circulating in the bloodstream is called _____________ count

red blood cell

a nuclear scan is also referred to as a

scintigram