Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comparison

A set of vocabulary flashcards comparing clinical factors, genetics, and features of Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, and LADA based on lecture notes.

Type I Dm (Age)

Age of onset is younger.

Type 2 Dm (Age)

Age of onset is older.

Type I Dm (Weight)

Patients are thinner (d/t weight loss).

Type 2 Dm (Weight)

Patients are obese.

Type I Dm (Symptoms)

Presents with osmotic symptoms.

Type 2 Dm (Symptoms)

Symptom presentation is variable.

Type I Dm (DKA)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is common.

Type 2 Dm (DKA)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is rare.

Fasting C-peptide

Very low in Type I Dm and normal in Type 2 Dm.

Acanthosis Nigricans

Absent in Type I Dm and present in Type 2 Dm.

Dyslipidemia

Absent in Type I Dm and present in Type 2 Dm.

Hyperuricemia

Absent in Type I Dm and present in Type 2 Dm.

PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is rare in Type I Dm and present in Type 2 Dm.

Antibodies in Dm

Present in Type I Dm and absent in Type 2 Dm.

HLA association

Present in Type I Dm (HLA DR3/4) and absent in Type 2 Dm.

HLA DR3/4

The specific HLA association present in Type I Dm.

Genetic factor association

Weaker in Type I Dm and stronger in Type 2 Dm.

Risk of Type I Dm (Either parent has Dm)

The risk of developing Dm if either parent has Dm is $5\%$.

Risk of Type 2 Dm (Either parent has Dm)

The risk of developing Dm if either parent has Dm is $15\%$.

Risk of Type I Dm (Both parents have Dm)

The risk of developing Dm if both parents have Dm is $25\%$.

Risk of Type 2 Dm (Both parents have Dm)

The risk of developing Dm if both parents have Dm is $40\%$.

Twin to twin concordance (Type I Dm)

The twin to twin concordance rate for Type I Dm is $40\%$.

Twin to twin concordance (Type 2 Dm)

The twin to twin concordance rate for Type 2 Dm is $70-90\%$.

LADA

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, indicated when Fasting C-peptide is low-normal and antibody is positive.