Chemistry Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes

__: Electron energy levels get closer to each other in higher energies.

Electron energy levels get closer to each other in higher energies.

__: Consecutive wavelength/energy/frequency are identical; difference = 0

Consecutive wavelength/energy/frequency are identical; difference = 0

__: Energy required to remove one mole of electron from one mole of gaseous atom

Energy required to remove one mole of electron from one mole of gaseous atom

__: Attraction between valence electrons and nucleus weakened through electron shielding.

Attraction between valence electrons and nucleus weakened through electron shielding.

Electron Shielding = -

of protons - # of inner electrons

__: Spectrum containing only certain wavelengths of light

Spectrum containing only certain wavelengths of light

__: White light goes through a gas exposed to high voltage, causing electrons to transition from high to low energy levels resulting in specific colors becoming visible.

White light goes through a gas exposed to high voltage; Electrons transition from high to low energy levels; Specific colors are visible; Convergence at higher energies

__: White light goes through cold hydrogen gas where Electrons transition from low to high energy levels as heat excites them.

White light goes through cold hydrogen gas; Electrons transition from low → high energy from heat that excites them; Colors opposite to emission spectra

__: When white light passes through a prism where the Spectrum contains all wavelengths of light with No convergence

White light goes through the prism; Spectrum containing all wavelengths of light; No convergence

__: Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons.

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons; Shares same chemical properties, but different physical properties; Chemical properties same because same electron configuration

__: Average mass of all isotopes of an element relative to carbon-12.

Average mass of all isotopes of an element relative to carbon-12.

__: Consists of at least 1 orbital; energy levels are made up of various sublevels where electrons can be located.

Consists of at least 1 orbital, energy levels are made up of various sub levels where electrons can be located; Energy levels → sublevels→ orbitals; S: 1 orbital → 2 electrons; P: 3 orbitals → 6 electrons; D: 5 orbitals → 10 electrons; F: 7 orbitals → 14 electrons

__: A region of space around the nucleus where electrons are 90% likely to be found.

A region of space around the nucleus where electrons are 90% likely to be found.

__: Only one electron per orbital

Only one electron per orbital

__: Paired electrons per orbital

Paired electrons per orbital

__: All orbitals in the same energy levels have the same amount of energy.

All orbitals in the same energy levels have the same amount of energy.

E = *

Energy(J) = planck’s constant(Js) * frequency (s^-1/Hz)

C = *

Speed of light (ms^-1) = frequency(s^-1) * wavelength (m)

Convergence happens because energy levels are added to shells, further away from the nucleus, and forces are weaker.

Hydrogen emission spectrum The reason why convergence occurs is that as energy levels are added, it is added to outermost shells, further away from the nucleus, attractive forces are weaker.

It is more stabilizing to have a ___ 3d sub-level than 4s sub-level

It is more stabilizing to have a full 3d sub-level than 4s sub-level;It is more stabilizing to have a partially filled 3d sublevel with an electron spinning up in each of the 5 orbitals

The steps of Mass Spectrometer are: __, __, __, __, __

Vaporization; Ionization: bombardment with fast moving electrons to form positively charged ion; Acceleration: by electric filed; Deflection: by magnetic field depending on mass/charge ratio; heavy → deflect less; lighter → deflect more;Detection

In an emission test, Electrons released in photons as electrons move back from energy levels

Electrons get excited as they are exposed to high voltage/energy; move up energy level(Absorption spectra); Energy is released in photons as electrons move back from high to low energy levels(Emission spectra); Closer lines observed → convergence in higher energy levels