BIO 101 Chapter 1 Obj jc

Biology

study of life

5 qualities that constitute life

organization

energy use

maintenance of internal constancy

reproduction, growth, development

evolution

12 Levels of Life's Organizational Hierarchy (in order)

Atoms, molecules, organelle, cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Atom

fundamental unit of matter

Molecule

a group of atoms

Organelle

membrane bound structure that has specific functions in a cell

Cells

fundamental unit of life

Tissue

a group of cells that carry out specific functions

Organ

a group of tissues that carry out specific functions

Organ system

a collection of organs that work together

Organism

a single living individual

Population

group of same species in the same place

Community

different populations of organisms in the same area

Ecosystem

living and nonliving organisms in an area

Biosphere

sum of all ecosystems in a planet

Emergent property

new features that arise when you move up the hierarchy

Primary Producer

extract energy and nutrients from nonliving sources, autotrophs

Consumer

extract energy and nutrients from eating other organisms (heterotrophs)

Decomposers

absorb energy and nutrients from organic waste or dead organisms

Homeostasis

state of internal constancy

Asexual reproduction

genetic info from one parent, identical offspring

Sexual reproduction

genetic info from two parents, diverse offspring

Adaptation

learned traits that gives an organism an advantage

Natural selection

mechanism of evolution, organisms with advantageous traits passed down to offspring

Evolution

genetic change over time

3 main branches of the tree of life/domains

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

2 characteristics of each domain

Bacteria: prokaryotic, uni

Archaea: prokaryotic, uni

Eukarya: eukaryotic, uni/multi

4 main groups of eukarya

Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae

Protista characteristics

uni,multi
hetero,auto

Animalia characteristics

multi
hetero

Fungi characteristics

uni,multi

decomposers,hetero

Plantae characteristics

multi
auto

Taxonomy

the science of naming and classifying organisms

Taxa

levels of classifications

Species

distinct group of organism that can reproduce

Taxonomic hierarchy

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Taxonomic hierarchy mnemonic

Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup

genus and species writing

Capitalize genus, underline both names

4 major steps of scientific inquiry

observations and questions

hypothesis and prediction

data collection

analysis and peer review

Science

the process of studying the physical or natural world through research and observation then sharing that information

Theories

well-supported scientific explanation, larger in scope