AP Psych units 1, 2, and 3

Biological Perspective

how the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensations.

social-cultural perspective

how people differ as products of different environments

psychiatry

the medical treatment of psychological disorders

clinical psychology

the study, assessment, and treatment of troubled people

humanistic perspective

the historically significant perspective that emphasized people's potential for growth

behavioral perspective

the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed

industrial-organizational psychology

. behavior in the workplace

cognitive perspective

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

basic research

adds to psychology's knowledge base

applied research

the study of practical problems

evolutionary perspective

how natural selection favors traits that promote the perpetuation of one's genes

psychodynamic perspective

the disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas

structuralism

. an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the contents of the mind

. functionalism

an early school of psychology that focused on the adaptive value of thoughts and behaviors

behaviorism

the view that psychology should be an objective science that avoids reference to mental processes

cognitive neuroscience

brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory and language

Hypothesis

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Theory

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

independent variable

the variable being manipulated in an experiment

dependent variable

the variable being measured in an experiment

experimental group

the "treatment-present" group in an experiment

control group

the "treatment-absent" group in an experiment

case study

an in-depth observational study of one person

survey

the research strategy in which a representative sample of individuals questioned

replication

repeating an experiment to see whether the same results are obtained

random assignment

the process in which research participants are selected by chance for different groups in an experiment

experiment

the research strategy in which the effects of one or more variables on behavior are tested

double blind

experimental procedure in which neither the research participant nor the experimenter knows which condition the participant is in

right hemisphere

specializes in spatial relations

brainstem

oldest part of the brain

temporal lobes

brain areas containing the auditory cortex

occipital lobe

brain areas containing the visual cortex

plasticity

the brain's capacity for modification

neurogenesis

the formation of new neurons

Broca's area

controls speech production

limbic system

regulates emotion

association areas

brain areas involved in higher mental functions

Structuralism, the first theoretical school in psychology, evolved primarily from the work of

(A) Wundt

(B) Kohler

(C) Watson

(D) Tolman

(E) Wertheimer

Wilhelm Wundt

The psychological point of view which emphasizes unconscious motivation as a factor in human behavior is

(A) client-centered therapy

(B) gestalt psychology or field theory

(C) psychoanalysis

(D) stimulus-response or S-R psychology

(E) rational-emotive therapy

(C) psychoanalysis

William James, James Cattell, John Dewey and E.L. Thorndike all belonged to which school of thought?

(A) structuralist

(B) behaviorist

(C) gestaltist

(D) mentalist

(E) none of the above

(E) none of the above

. In "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It," Watson (1913) made his final break with the structuralists and functionalists. What insight that has affected behaviorism today can be credited to him?

(A) Behavior constitutes the most important source of information that psychologists possess regarding human nature

(B) The contents and operations of the mind are of primary importance

(C) Psychology cannot be viewed as a "natural" science

(D) Laboratory experiments severely limit the validity of psychology; field studies should be conducted

(E) both (A) and (B)

(A) Behavior constitutes the most important source of information that psychologists possess regarding human nature

The thalamus serves which of the following functions?

(A) Relay center for sensory impulses

(B) Relay center from spinal cord to cerebrum

(C) Regulates external expression of emotion

(D) All of the above

(E) None of the above

(D) Relay center for sensory impulses, Relay center from spinal cord to cerebrum, Regulates external expression of emotion.

Which of the following effects does adrenalin have on the human body?

(A) Constriction of the pupils

(B) Increased rate of digestion

(C) Accelerated heart beat

(D) Increased hormone production

(E) Decreased hormone production

(C) Accelerated heart beat

Which of the following plays an important role in the regulation of respiration?

(A) Pons

(B) Hypothalamus

(C) Thalamus

(D) Forebrain

(E) Midbrain

(A) Pons

Neurons are unique among cells in that they

(A) cannot conduct impulses

(B) cannot reproduce

(C) have a nucleus containing genetic material

(D) are surrounded by a membrane

(E) all of the above

(B) cannot reproduce

Which of the following best describes the major function(s) of the spinal cord?

(A) acts as a messenger to the brain

(B) filters sensory impulses

(C) directs simple actions independent of the brain

(D) both (A) and (B)

(E) both (A) and (C)

(E) acts as a messenger to the brain & directs simple actions independent of the brain

The region at the base of the brain which is highly involved in most emotional and physiological motivation is the

(A) medulla

(B) rhinencephalon

(C) pituitary gland

(D) hypothalamus

(E) actomyosin

(D) Hypothalamus

Spinal nerves belong to the

(A) peripheral nervous system

(B) central nervous system