protists

protists

·      Eukaryotic that aren’t animals, plants or fungi

·      Most are unicellular

·      Some are parasites

·      Reproduce asexually, sexually, or both

·      Many have contractile vacuole to pump out water

·      Classified by way they obtain food

complexity added for bacteria

·      Eukaryotic

·      Multicellularity

·      Sexual reproduction

·      Meiosis and mitosis

protozoa

animal-like

animal-like protists

heterotrophs, classified based on how they move

Zooflagellates

move with flagella (1 or more), animal-like

Sarcodines

move with pseudopods, amoeba is example, animal-like

Ciliates

move with cilii, 2 nuclei, animal-like

Macronucleus

working copy of genes

Micronucleus

reserve copy of genes

Conjugation

1.     Micronuclei go through meiosis

2.     3 break down

3.     1 left goes through mitosis

4.     2 cells exchange micronuclei

5.     Macronucleus breaks down

6.     Micronucleus forms new macronucleus

Sexual process but not reproduction

Two cells are now identical genetically

Sporozoans

don’t move, form sporozoites (cells with tough outer coats), parasites, animal-like

algae (unicellular)

plant-like

plant-like protists

-       Make their own food

-       Along with photosynthetic bacteria, are known as phytoplankton

Euglenophytes

2 flagella, no cell wall, can be heterotrophic, plant-like, unicellular

Eyespot

helps find sunlight

Diatoms

Superphylum Heterokontophyta, Cell wall of silicon, can be heterotrophic, plant-like, unicellular

Dinoflagellates

Autotrophic, but can be heterotrophic, 2 flagella that wrap around it, Many luminesce, Can cause red tide releasing harmful toxins when grown out of control, plant-like, unicellular

Other Chrysophytes

Yellow-green and golden brown algae, Have gold colored chloroplasts, plant-like, unicellular

algae (multicellular)

plant-like

Red Algae

absorb blue and reflect red light, Can live in deep regions of the ocean, Important for coral reefs, Rhodophyta

Brown Algae

giant kelp, Largest known algae, Phaeophyta

Green algae

Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular, Spirogyra conjugation—sexual reproduction, Volvox and spirogyra—colonial, Volvox can also be heterotrophic, Cholorophyta

Alternation of Generations

life cycle pattern where haploid individual alternates with diploid individual

Meiosis

occurs when diploid becomes haploid

mitosis

occurs when chromosome number stays the same

GAMETOPHYTE (N)

PRODUCES GAMETES (MITOSIS)

GAMETES (N)

SEX CELLS (SPERM AND EGG)

ZYGOTE (2N)

DEVELOPS INTO SPOROPHYTE (MITOSIS)

SPOROPHYTE (2N)

PRODUCES SPORES (MEIOSIS)

SPORE (N)

FORMS GAMETOPHYTE (MITOSIS)

Saprophytes

Fungi-like but no chitin in cell walls, can move, and have centrioles, Heterotrophic decomposers

Myxomycota

Slime molds

Oomycota

water molds