Neuroanatomy-IV

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons called chromaffin cells that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the____.

 

adrenal medullae

Which of the following are locations of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

1. Medulla oblongata

2. Midbrain

3. Pons

4. Lateral grey horns of spinal segments S2 to S4

What do we call the first neuron in an ANS pathway?

pre-ganglionic neuron

What cranial nerve does not transmit parasympathetic impulses?

 

accessory

Postganglionic neurons of the ANS innervate all of the following except:

skeletal muscle

Which of the following are sympathetic ganglia?

1. Inferior mesenteric ganglion

2. Celiac ganglion

3. Superior mesenteric ganglion

4. Sympathetic chain ganglia

The sympathetic division of the ANS has more widespread effects than the parasympathetic.

What is the anatomically based name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

craniosacral

Which of the following is/are not a type of parasympathetic ganglia?

1. Celiac ganglion

2. Paravertebral ganglia

Where are the cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

 

lateral horn

What neurotransmitter is generally released by parasympathetic
post-ganglionic axons?

acetylcholine

Neurons with receptors for norepinephrine (NE) are termed ____.

adrenergic

Which of the following is not one of the three collateral ganglia?

middle mesenteric

Postganglionic fibers from the collateral ganglia would not innervate the _____.

lungs, heart

What independent aspect of the nervous system exerts local control of the digestive system?

 

enteric nervous system

What division of the ANS: constricts pupils, increases secretion from digestive glands, increases gastrointestinal motility, decreases heart rate, and constricts respiratory passages?

parasympathetic

By definition the ANS is purely ______.

motor

The axon of the first neuron in an ANS pathway is _______.

myelinated

What carries sympathetic signals, destined for glands or peripheral blood vessels in the body wall, which return to a spinal nerve for distribution?

grey ramus communicans

What region of the brain is the control center for homeostasis via the autonomic and endocrine systems, sometimes responding to emotional states with autonomic impulses?

hypothalamus

Which cranial nerves are associated with preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division? (Hint: there are only 4)

CN X, CN VII, CN III, CN IX

What is the anatomically based name for the sympathetic division of the ANS?

thoracolumbar

What is the functional (layperson's) name for the sympathetic division of the ANS?

fight or flight

What do we call the second neuron in an ANS pathway?

ganglionic neuron

What do we call the second neuron in an ANS pathway?

ganglionic neuron

What neurotransmitters (that act as hormones) are released by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is the functional (layperson's) name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

rest and digest

What division of the ANS: dilates pupils, increases alertness, increases muscle tone, mobilizes energy, and stimulates sweat and the erecting of hairs?

sympathetic

What carries sympathetic signals from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk?

white ramus communicans

The sympathetic receptors that are sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine are:

Alpha, beta, Adrenergic

Where are ganglia located in the sympathetic division of the ANS?

alongside the vertebral bodies of the vertebral column

Where are ganglia located in the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

near or in the wall of the target organ

How many neurons are required to get an ANS signal from the CNS to the effector?

2

What neurotransmitter is generally released by sympathetic post-ganglionic axons?

nor-epinephrine

___ cells are modified ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division found in the adrenal medullae where they secrete ______ into circulation.

Chromaffin ... E & NE

What is the anatomically based name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

craniosacral

What endocrine organ is composed of short post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division?

adrenal medulla

What is the anatomically based name for the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Thoracolumbar

What carries sympathetic signals from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk?

white ramus communicans