Intro to Psychology and Art Reviewer

Comprehensive practice question-and-answer flashcards covering key concepts in Humanities, Art Theory, Philosophical Views, Functions, Subject Types, Production Processes, Principles of Design, and Philippine National Artists.

What is the origin and original meaning of the word 'art'?

It comes from the ancient Latin word 'ars', which means a 'craft of specialized form of skill' (such as carpentry, smithying, or surgery).

What did the word 'ars' mean in medieval Latin?

It came to mean 'any special form of book-learning such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology'.

What is the distinction between Fine Arts and Useful Arts?

Fine Arts are created for aesthetic and intellectual purposes to be judged by beauty and meaning (addressing senses, emotions, and aesthetics), whereas Useful Arts are addressed to human utility, labor, and physical function.

What is the definition and etymology of 'Humanities'?

Humanities comes from the Latin word 'Humanus' and refers to the study of how humans have expressed themselves through art forms throughout history.

What are the core disciplines of Humanities listed in the notes?

Language and Linguistics, Literature, Philosophy, History, Archaeology, Jurisprudence (Philosophy of Law), Comparative Religion, Ethics, and The Arts (Theory and History).

How does the practice of art differ from the academic study of art within Humanities?

The practice of art (such as painting or playing music) falls under creative arts, while the history, criticism, and theory of art belong strictly to the humanities.

What is meant by the assumption 'Art is Universal'?

Art is timeless, spanning generations and continents, and is continuously liked and enjoyed by people regardless of origin, time, and place.

How does art differ from nature under the assumption 'Art is Not Nature'?

Art is man's interpretation and expression of nature; nature is given, while art is created by humans.

Why does art involve experience?

Art cannot be understood purely through data or abstraction; it must be experienced directly through the senses (seeing, hearing, feeling).

How is Applied Arts defined?

Incorporating design and aesthetic elements into everyday useful objects to enhance their visual appeal.

What are the five functions of art outlined in the review material?

Personal, Social, Physical, Spiritual, and Educational.

What is Plato's philosophical view on art?

Art as imitation: the world is already a copy of perfect forms, and art can influence people's emotions and behavior.

What was Aristotle's perspective on art?

Art as representation & catharsis: Aristotle viewed art as imitation in a positive way.

What was Immanuel Kant's philosophy regarding art and beauty?

Art for autonomy: beauty is not simply a property of an object, but depends on how people respond to it.

What was Leo Tolstoy's philosophical concept of art?

Art as communication: art is a way of communicating feelings and experiences, valued because it unites people.

What is the difference between Representational Art and Non-representational Art?

Representational art (figurative art) has a focal point and shows recognizable people, objects, places, or events; Non-representational art has no depiction of objects, places, or people and relies on color, shape, and lines.

What are the three levels of content in art?

1. Factual level (focuses on what can be directly seen)
2. Conventional level (looks at symbols, signs, & cultural/traditional meaning)
3. Subjective level (focuses on personal interpretation of the viewer).

What are the three planes of artwork analysis?

1. Semiotic plane (identifies basic information about the artwork)
2. Iconic plane (examines the subject & what is visually presented)
3. Contextual plane (expresses deeper meaning of the artwork).

What is the distinction between an Artist and an Artisan?

An Artist creates indirectly functional art with aesthetic value using imagination and skill (e.g., painting, sculpture), whereas an Artisan is a craftsman producing directly functional and decorative arts (e.g., woodworking, pottery).

What are the roles of a Curator and an Art Dealer?

A Curator is an overseer/keeper of cultural collections who selects, organizes, and interprets exhibitions. An Art Dealer is an intermediary buying and selling artwork between buyers and sellers.

What are the stages of the Tripartite Production Process?

1. Pre-Production (planning stage; deciding design elements & concepts)
2. Production (combining material & non-material inputs to create artwork)
3. Post-Production (displaying, circulating, or performing finished artwork).

How are categories of art classified based on medium perception?

1. Visual Arts (2D & 3D, perceived by sight, occupies space)
2. Auditory Arts (perceived through hearing over time)
3. Combined Arts (perceived through sight and sound, occupies space and time).

When was the Order of National Artists of the Philippines established and under what decree?

Established in 1972 under Presidential Decree No. 1001 by Ferdinand Marcos Sr., conferred every 3 years by NCCA & CCP.

What are the notable works and contribution of National Artist Lucio San Pedro?

Category: Music. Known for creative nationalism and composing 'Ugoy ng Duyan' and 'Lahing Kayumanggi'.

What were the major achievements of National Artist Levi Celerio?

Category: Music. Wrote 4,000+ songs, played music using a leaf, and composed 'Saan Ka Man Naroroon'.

Who was the pioneer of Philippine folk-dance research and author of 'Philippine National Dances'?

Francisca Reyes Aquino (National Artist for Dance).

Who modernized Philippine dance and created 'Amada'?

Alice Reyes (National Artist for Dance).

Which National Artist designed the PICC and Church of Holy Sacrifice using concrete and floating volumes?

Leandro V. Locsin (National Artist for Architecture).

Who was a pioneer of modern Philippine architecture and designed the Rizal Theater?

Juan F. Nakpil (National Artist for Architecture).

Who was the first National Artist of the Philippines (awarded in 1972)?

Fernando Amorsolo (Visual Arts), known for his backlighting technique and 'Planting Rice'.

Who created the classical sculptures 'UP Oblation' and 'Bonifacio Monument'?

Guillermo Tolentino (National Artist for Visual Arts).

What pen name was used by Nick Joaquin, author of 'The Woman Who Had Two Navels'?

Quijano de Manila.

Which National Artist for Literature wrote the Rosales Saga ('Po-on') focusing on social justice?

F. Sionil José.

Who founded the UP Mobile Theater and wrote 'Wanted: A Chaperon'?

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (National Artist for Theater).

Who founded the Arena Theater and wrote 'The Love of Leonor Rivera'?

Severino Montano (National Artist for Theater).

Who was known as the 'Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies' and directed 'Badjao'?

Lamberto Avellana (National Artist for Film).

Which action icon known as 'Da King' starred in 'Ang Panday' and 'Ang Probinsyano'?

Fernando Poe Jr. (National Artist for Film).

What was Ramon Valera's notable contribution to Philippine fashion and Allied Arts?

He modernized the one-piece terno.

Who is recognized as the 'Father of Philippine Stage Design' for using indigenous materials?

Salvador F. Bernal (National Artist for Allied Arts).

What is Transcreation in art expression?

Adapting content across languages/cultures while maintaining tone, emotion, and context (e.g., song translations like 'A Whole New World' to 'Bagong Mundo').

How do Unity and Harmony differ as principles of design?

Unity creates a sense of cohesion and overall completeness in an artwork, whereas Harmony involves combining similar elements (shapes, adjacent colors) to create an orderly visual flow.

How do Emphasis and Subordination function together in design?

Emphasis (Dominance) creates a focal point to attract immediate attention, while Subordination de-emphasizes surrounding background elements so they do not compete with the main subject.