Normal Obstetrics and Maternal & Child Nursing Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering normal obstetrics, pregnancy stages, maternal adaptations, fetal development, and labor and delivery based on lecture notes.

Organogenesis

The critical stage in the 1st trimester where the fetus is most susceptible to complications and organs start to develop.

Teratogenic Category A drugs

A class of drugs deemed safe in pregnancy, such as Biogesic.

Ectoderm

The germ layer responsible for brain development.

Mesoderm

The germ layer responsible for heart development.

Endoderm

The germ layer responsible for GI development.

Ambivalence

The presence of two opposing feelings (e.g., excitement and fear); considered normal during the 1st trimester but abnormal in late pregnancy.

Presumptive Signs

Subjective signs of pregnancy felt or seen by the mother, represented by the acronym BAUN QC (Breast changes, Amenorrhea, Urinary changes, Nausea & Vomiting, Quickening, Chloasma/Melasma).

Quickening

Fetal movement felt by the mother that usually occurs at the 5th month.

Chloasma/Melasma

The 'mask of pregnancy' characterized by discoloration of the skin on the face and neck.

Probable Signs

Objective signs of pregnancy that a nurse can assess, represented by the acronym HCG HCG (Hegar’s, Chadwick’s, Goodell’s sign, HCG, Braxton Hicks, Ballottement).

Hegar’s Sign

Thinning of the uterus to prepare for proper contractions to expel the fetus.

Chadwick’s Sign

Bluish or purplish discoloration of the vagina due to a temporary lack of circulation.

Goodell’s Sign

The softening of the cervix during pregnancy.

Normal Fetal Heart Tone (FHT) Range

The normal range of fetal heartbeats, which is $120$ to $160$ bpm.

Braxton Hicks Contractions

Painless and irregular contractions that do not indicate true labor.

Ballottement

A procedure involving tapping the fundus to feel the fetus bounce; if it bounces, it is ballottable and not yet engaged.

Montgomery Tubercle

Structures that lubricate the breast during breastfeeding to prevent cracking and soreness.

Linea Nigra

A blackish line located in the midline of the abdomen during pregnancy.

Linea Alba

A whitish line that appears in the midline of the abdomen after pregnancy.

Homan's Sign

A diagnostic test performed by dorsiflexing the foot; pain in the calf muscle indicates a positive sign for potential blood clots.

Virchow’s Triad

The three factors contributing to DVT: Venous Stasis, Venal Wall Damage, and Blood coagulation.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Excessive vomiting during pregnancy caused by increased HCG levels; managed with small frequent feedings.

Witch Hazel

A vesicant or astringent used to dehydrate and decrease the size of hemorrhoids.

Lordosis

A musculoskeletal change also known as the 'Pride of Pregnancy,' often causing back pain and leg cramps.

Doderlein bacilli

Bacteria responsible for secreting vaginal discharge (Leukorrhea) that maintains a slightly acidic pH of $5.5$ to $6.5$.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm cell and egg cell, which typically occurs in the Ampulla of the fallopian tube.

Placenta Previa

A condition where implantation occurs in the lower uterine segment.

Oligohydramnios

An amniotic fluid level below $500\,ml$, often associated with fetal kidney problems.

Polyhydramnios

An amniotic fluid level above $1000\,ml$, often associated with fetal esophageal problems.

Wharton's Jelly

The protective covering of the umbilical cord.

AVA

The normal vessel configuration in the umbilical cord, consisting of 2 arteries and 1 vein.

Rule of 15x15

A rule used in Non Stress Tests (NST) looking for an acceleration of $15$ beats increased for a $15$ seconds duration.

Early Deceleration

A fetal heart rate change caused by fetal head compression.

Late Deceleration

A fetal heart rate change caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.

Variable Deceleration

A fetal heart rate change caused by umbilical cord compression.

Alphafeto Protein (AFP)

A protein checked via amniocentesis; increased levels indicate neural tube defects (NTD), while decreased levels indicate Down’s Syndrome.

Fundal Grip

The 1st Leopold maneuver used to assess fetal presentation (e.g., cephalic, breech).

Umbilical Grip

The 2nd Leopold maneuver used to find the fetal back and the point of maximum impulse for FHT.

Pawlik’s Grip

The 3rd Leopold maneuver used to assess engagement and station of the fetus.

Pelvic Grip

The 4th Leopold maneuver used to determine the degree of flexion and extension of the fetal presenting part.

Paps Smear Class II

A classification indicating inflammation that requires a follow-up check-up.

Left Lateral Position

The best position during pregnancy because it keeps the vena cava open and maximizes cardiac output.

Rule of 666

A sexual activity guideline: no sex 6 weeks before delivery, and sex resumed 6 weeks after delivery once involution is complete.

Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

A condition where the 'passenger' (fetus) cannot fit through the 'passageway' (pelvis), necessitating a Cesarean Section.

Active Phase of Labor

The phase where the cervix is $4$ to $7\,cm$ dilated and the mother begins to lose self-control.

D FIRE ERE

The acronym for the mechanisms of labor: Descent, Flexion, Internal Rotation, Extension, External Rotation, and Expulsion.

Culkin’s signs

Sign of placental separation where the uterus becomes firm and globular.

Schultz Placenta

A placenta that appears shiny during delivery; considered normal.

Duncan Placenta

A placenta that appears dirty during delivery; carries an increased risk of retained fragments.

Lochia Rubra

Reddish postpartum discharge occurring from day 1 to day 3.

Lochia Serosa

Pinkish to brownish postpartum discharge occurring from day 4 to day 9.

Taking In

The dependent psychosocial phase of the mother occurring 1 to 3 days postpartum.

Taking Hold

The independent psychosocial phase occurring 3 to 10 days postpartum where the focus is on self and energy recovery.