ABPS311 - WEEK 1

Edwin Smith Papyrus

• detailed description of treatment for wounds and surgical operations

• the human brain was described as the site of mental functions

Ebers Papyrus

• covers internal medicine and circulatory system

• relies more on incantations and magic for explaining and curing diseases with unknown causes

Mesotopamia

mental health problems were recognizd in this ancient civilization

Ashurbanipal (Iraq)

Where was the cuneiform tablets of antisocial personality disorder found?

Demonology

In this time, evil spirit can dwell within a person and control his mind and body (reason for mental illness).

Hippocrates

• He denied that deities and demons are the cause of mental illnesses.

• He said that brain is the central organ of intellectual activity.

• heredity

• brain junries

• predispositions

According to Hippocrates, what are the causes of mental health?

• Mania

• Melancholia

• Phrenitis

What are the three categories that classify the mental disorders?

Dark Ages (Middle Age)

In this time, the church separated from the state.

Mass Madness

A widespread occurrence of group behavior disorders caused by hysteria.

1. Tarantism

2. Lycanthropy

3. Koro

Examples of Mass Madness

Tarantism

People believed a tarantula bite caused uncontrollable dancing.

Lycanthropy

A delusion in which a person believes they can transform into a wolf.

Koro

A person fears their genitals are retracting into the body, leading to anxiety or panic.

Lunacy Trials (13th Century in England)

During this time, municipal authorities starts to care for mentally ill. Trials are conducted to determine sanity.

St. Mary of Bethlem (Bethlem Royal Hospital)

Originally a monastery established in 1247.

Public Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia

This is the first ever hospital in the US for patients with mental illness.

Philippe Pinel

He is a physician from LaBicetre which has humanitarian beliefs and treated patients as sick humans.

William Tuke

He founded the York Retreat in 1792. Patients with mental illness lived, worked, and rested in the kind atmosphere.

Lunacy Inquiry Act

Included a requirement that asylums must be effectively inspected every four months.

County Asylum Act

This required every county to provide asylum to paupers and lunatics.

Dr. Benjamin Rush

He believed that mental illnesses are caused by different fluids on our body.

Tranquilizing Chair

This is invented by Dr. Rush that restrain patients in a wooden chair with heads in a wooden box.

Trephination

This involves cutting holes on the skull.

Hydrotherapy

Patients were being submerged in ice-cold water.

Tanking

Patients were routinely held under water in a bathing tank.

Moral Management

This focuses on patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs. Emphasized moral, spiritual, and character rehabilitation.

Electrotherapy

Discovered by Benjamin Franklin. Induces electric shock to the patient’s brain.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

• Certletti and Bini

• It induces epileptic seizures with electric shock

Prefrontral Lobotomy

• Egas Moniz

• Often lead to listlessness, apathy, and lack of cognitive abilities.

• Referred as medical barbarism.

Eugenics

• Promotion of enforced sterilization

Insulin-Coma Therapy

• Manfred Sakel

• Clients will be injected high dosage of insulin to be comatosed then recover.

Dorothea Dix

• Aroused the people to do something about the inhuman treatment to psychiatric patients.

• Was credited for establishing 32 mental hospitals.

Mary Jane Ward

• She published an influential book ‘The Snake Pit’

• National Institute of Mental Health was organized and provided support for research and training through psychiatric residencies.

• Phlegm

• Blood

• Yellow Bile

• Black Bile

What are the four important liquids in our body (Humor)?