3.1. The Periodic Table: Module 3: Periodic Table and Energy: Chemistry OCR A A Level

Successive ionisation energies

Involve removing one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous ions.

Metallic bonding

Consists of a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons. There are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged particles.

Giant Covalent Lattices

A solid giant covalent lattice is a network of atoms bonded by many strong covalent bonds.

Diamond

Diamond is a macromolecular structure made up of carbon atoms, each of which are bonded to four further carbon atoms. This provides a very rigid structure, making diamond one of the hardest materials.

Graphite

Graphite is another macromolecular structure made up of carbon atoms.

Graphene

Graphene is a relatively new material consisting of single, 2D sheets of graphite that are just one atom thick.

Silicon

Silicon is macromolecular meaning it has a very strong covalent structure.