Injuries: Chapter 20

Based on research by Petitpas and Danish, which of these is a psychological reaction associated with injury?

a. identity loss

b. lack of confidence

c. fear and anxiety

d. all of these

e. a and c

d. all of these

Which of these has research shown to be predictive of athletic injury?

a. personality

b. self-esteem

c. life stress

d. independence

e. self-concept

c. life stress

Which of these is a potential explanation for the relationship between stress and injury?

a. Stress disrupts an athlete's attention by causing a decline in peripheral vision.

b. Stress causes muscle tension, which disrupts coordination.

c. Stress causes loss in confidence, which changes movement patterns.

d. a and b

d. a and b

Which type of attitude have consultants identified as being related to injury?

a. Act tough and always give 110%.

b. If you are injured, you are worthless.

c. Pressure is a privilege.

d. a and b

e. a and c

d. a and b

A study by Gould and colleagues (1997) concluded the greatest sources of stress for individuals rehabilitating from injury were

a. psychological and physical

b. psychological and social

c. physical and social

d. physical and emotional

e. emotional and behavioral

b. psychological and social

Which of these is a typical reaction to injury?

a. Injury is viewed as a disaster.

b. Injury is viewed as a way to get a break from tedious practice.

c. Injury is viewed as a socially acceptable reason for not playing.

d. all of these

e. a and c

d. all of these

Which of these is the first stage of the grief reaction response?

a. anger

b. acceptance and reorganization

c. rationalization

d. depression

e. denial

e. denial

Which of these factors influences the stress response, which in turn influences the probability of injury?

a. coping resources

b. personality

c. ability level

d. a and c

e. a and b

e. a and b

Which of these is a guideline for providing social support for injury recovery?

a. Need is greatest when the rehabilitation process is fastest.

b. Family and friends provide information support, whereas coaches provide emotional support.

c. Social support that athletes need varies across the rehabilitation phases.

d. a and b

e. b and c

c. Social support that athletes need varies across the rehabilitation phases.

The three phases of injury recovery as expressed in the model by Bianco, Malo,and Orlick (1999) include which of these?

a. injury or illness phase

b. injury and pain management phase

c. rehabilitation and recovery phase

d. a and b

e. a and c

e. a and c

Which of these has NOT been identified as a sign of potential problematic adjustment to athletic injury?

a. rapid mood swings

b. withdrawal from significant others

c. high levels of anxiety

d. feelings of anger and confusion

e. exaggerated bragging about accomplishments

c. high levels of anxiety

In interviews with fast- and slow-healing athletes, Ievleva and Orlick found that fast healers used more

a. goal setting

b. positive self-talk

c. relaxation

d. a and b

e. b and c

d. a and b

Which of these is NOT one of the procedures used in the rehabilitation process

a. educating individuals relative to the injury and recovery process

b. fostering social support

c. being overly optimistic

d. building rapport with the injured individual

e. preparing the individual to cope with setbacks

c. being overly optimistic

Building rapport with an injured athlete can be accomplished by

a. being there

b. showing empathy

c. being overly optimistic

d. all of these

e. a and b

e. a and b

According to a study of injured elite skiers, which of these was NOT are commendation to other athletes for coping with season-ending injuries and facilitating rehabilitation?

a. Set goals.

b. Use imagery.

c. Focus on quantity training.

d. Use social resources.

e. Work on mental skills training.

c. Focus on quantity training.

The stress-injury model explains physical injuries but may also be used to explain

a. physical performance

b. physical illness

c. physical fitness

d. burnout

e. over training

b. physical illness

Imagery has been used in injury rehabilitation in which of these ways?

a. goal setting

b. relaxation

c. maintaining a positive attitude

d. all of these

e. b and c

d. all of these

Which of these is part of the three-part definition of injury?

a. Injury needs mental attention during participation.

b. Injury involves a loss of function that can affect performance.

c. A decision process of whether or not to play occurs before and during participation.

d. all of these

e. b and c

d. all of these

Which of these is NOT a social factor related to injury prevalence in sport?

a. Playing with pain is highly valued in society.

b. Playing with pain has traditionally been a male phenomenon.

c. People who are perfectionists are less likely to play with pain.

d. all of these

e. a and b

e. a and b

The statement "winners never quit and quitters never win" exemplifies the notion of

a. the sport ethic

b. the psychology of greatness

c. Olympic champions

d. culture's importance in how athletes react to injury

e. none of these

a. the sport ethic

Returning to play after injury includes many psychological challenges except for

a. uncertainty of meeting expectations of others

b. anxiety over re injury

c. diminished physical self-efficacy

d. concerns over performing at pre injury levels

e. decreased motivation to play

e. decreased motivation to play

Which of these is a predictor of adherence to sport injury rehabilitation?

a. personal attributes (for instance, tough mindedness)

b. environmental characteristics (such as social support)

c. adherence interventions (for example, reinforcement or goal setting)

d. all of these

e. a and c

d. all of these

Which of these statements is true?

a. On the average, there are over 8 million sport and recreational injuries per year.

b. After an anterior cruciate injury, about 1/3 of the athletes do notreturn to playing.

c. For children ages 5-14, a total of about 5.5 million sport-relatedinjuries resulted in trips to the emergency room.

d. all of these

e. a and b

e. a and b

According to a study on elite Swedish athletes, overuse injuries were characterized by which of these?

a. lack of communication

b. life stress

c. high athletic identity

d. all of the above

e. b and c

d. all of the above

Which of these were findings from research studies on the relationship between psychological factors and the likelihood of injury?

a. Athletes sustain more injuries in times of academic stress.

b. Shorter recovery periods caused more stress and more injuries.

c. Athletes who are high on social support and low on trait anxiety have more injuries.

d. a and c

e. a and b

e. a and b

Research on mindfulness intervention on soccer players found

a. Sixty-seven percent of the players in the mindfulness condition

remained injury free.

b. Only 10% of the players in the control condition remained injury

free.

c. Ninety percent of players in the mindfulness condition remained

injury free.

d. a and c

e. a and b

a. Sixty-seven percent of the players in the mindfulness condition

remained injury free

Sometimes an injury can actually lead to positive results and the learning of new coping strategies. This occurs if one possesses which personality variable?

a. perfectionism

b. confidence

c. hardiness

d. optimism

e. hope

c. hardiness

Athletes often do not return to play after injury. The major reason for this is

a. fear of reinjury

b. advancing age

c. lack of social support

d. lack of self-confidence

e. lack of motivation

a. fear of reinjury