M4L1: Community Health Assessment (Nursing Process in the Care of Population Groups and Community)

Community

Community

“Primary client” of the Community Health Nurse

1. It has a direct influence on the health of the individual, families and the sub-populations.
2. It is at this level that most health service provision occurs.

(2) Significance of the Community in the Health Care System

Community Health Nurses

deal with community characteristics in planning and developing specific programs

Community Health Nurses

ensuring the delivery of effective health services

Clientele

Concern

Care

Input

Process

Outcome

(6) Elements of CHN

Clientele

(Elements of CHN)

4 levels of client (I, F, P, C)

Concern

(Elements of CHN)

Total health-illness continuum with emphasis on primary level of care

Care

(Elements of CHN)

4 dimensions of care (preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative)

Input

(Elements of CHN)

Health education, counseling, and guidance, referral, coordination of health services, stress management

Process

(Elements of CHN)

Application of theories, knowledge about community health, attitude in every step of the nursing process

Outcome

(Elements of CHN)

Health and development

Community Health Nursing Process

A systematic, scientific, dynamic, ongoing interpersonal process in which the nurses and the clients are viewed as a system with each affecting one and another and both being affected by the factors within the behavior.

Community Health Nursing Process

It refers to systematic series of steps which are followed by public health nurse in community health and nursing problems using community approaches and resources.

Community Health Nursing Process

Community health nursing uses the nursing process to prevent disease, prolong life and promote health and efficiency through holistic, systematic and organized community activities.

Community Health Nursing Process

The use of the nursing process requires the nurse to apply their knowledge of the science that describe the natural history of disease, their causes and treatment and concepts of public health.

Assessment

Process of collecting, organizing, processing, and analyzing data or information obtained from the client and other sources.

Community Health Assessment

(Assessment)

A process by which community members gain an understanding of the health, concerns, and health care systems of the community by identifying, collecting, analyzing and disseminating information on community assets, strength, resources and needs. (de Belen, 2008)

Community Health Assessment

(Assessment)

the keystone of community health nursing process

Community Health Assessment

(Assessment)

the data collected depends on the goals and objectives of the assessment

Community Health Assessment

deals with community characteristics in planning and developing specific programs

Community Health Assessment

ensures the delivery of effective health services

Deals with community characteristics in planning and developing specific programs

Ensures the delivery of effective health services

(2) Goals of Community Health Assessment

Community Health Nurses

(Significance of Community Health)

as part of public health function

Nursing students

(Significance of Community Health)

as a compulsory requirement of the Nursing curriculum

Community Health Nurses and Nursing students

(Significance of Community Health)

Assess the data, analyze and interpret the data and diagnose the health status of the community

Community Health Nurses and Nursing students

(Significance of Community Health)

Best persons to assess the community’s health condition and status are the ___ ___ ___ and ___ ___ who interact with them and observe their social environment

(Model of Community Health Care Assessment and Services)

Collecting primary data

(Tools for Community Assessment)

data which have not been collected before

Collecting primary data

(Tools for Community Assessment)

data is collected through: observation, survey, informant interview, focus group discussion, and community forum

Observation

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

done through ocular or windshield ___

Observation

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Allows the nurse to take note of the environmental conditions and existing community facilities

Observation

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Identification of vulnerable groups

Observation

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Utilize participant observation (PO) – a technique or purposeful observation of formal and informal community activities

participant observation (PO)

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data - Observation)

Utilize ___ ___ (___) – a technique or purposeful observation of formal and informal community activities

participant observation (PO)

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data - Observation)

___ ___ helps the nurse determine the community values, beliefs, norms, priorities, concerns and power or influence structures

Observation

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Participant observation helps the nurse determine the community values, beliefs, norms, priorities, concerns and power or influence structures

Survey

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

is made up of a series of questions for systematic collection of information from a sample of individuals or families in a community.

Survey

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Necessary when there is no available information about the community or specific population group

Survey

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Appropriate for determining community attitudes, knowledge, health behaviors and perceptions of health and health services

Survey

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

An opportunity for making the members of the community more aware of community problems and their effects.

Informant Interview

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

An opportunity for making the members of the community more aware of community problems and their effects.

Informant Interview

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

purposeful talks with either key informants or ordinary members of the community

Informant Interview

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Key informants – consist of formal and informal community leaders or persons of position and influence

Key informants

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data - Informant Interview)

consist of formal and informal community leaders or persons of position and influence

Informant Interview

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

Can provide the nurse valuable information on community perceptions about health and health care.

Community Forum

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

an open meeting of the members of the community

Community Forum

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

“Pulong-pulong sa barangay”

Community Forum

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

An effective tool in providing the people with a medium for expressing their views and developing their capacity to influence decision makers.

Community Forum

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

May be a venue for informing the people about secondary data, for data validation and for getting feedback from the people

Focus Group

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

made up of a much smaller group (6-12 members only)

Focus Group

(Tools for Community Assessment: Collecting primary data)

This method effective in the assessment of health needs of specific groups in the community

Secondary data source

(Tools for Community Assessment)

data taken from existing sources such as registries, health records, reports, disease registries and publications

Registry of vital events

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source)

Act 3753 – Civil Registration Law

RA 7160 – Local Government Code

PD 856 – Sanitation Code

Act 3753 – Civil Registration Law

RA 7160 – Local Government Code

PD 856 – Sanitation Code

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source)

(3) Registry of vital events

Act 3753

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

Civil Registration Law

Civil Registration Law

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

Act 3753

RA 7160

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

Local Government Code

Local Government Code

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

RA 7160

PD 856

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

Sanitation Code

PD 856

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source - Registry of vital events)

requiring a death certificate before a burial (death should be reported with 48 hours). “Sanitation Code”

Health records and reports

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source)

FHSIS Field Health Service Information System

ITR, TCL, Summary Table, Monthly Consolidation Table

FHSIS

ITR

TCL

Summary Table

Monthly Consolidation Table

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source)

(5) Health records and reports

Census data

(Tools for Community Assessment: Secondary data source)

a periodic governmental enumeration of the population

Methods to present Community Data

(Tools for Community Assessment)

data may be presented through text, in tables, or in picture form

To inform the health team and members of the community of existing health and related conditions in the community

To make members of the community appreciate the significance and relevance of health information to their lives

To solicit broader support and participation in the community health process

To validate findings

To provide a basis for better decision making

(Tools for Community Assessment)

(5) Methods to present Community Data

Health status

Health resources

Health action potential

(3) Components of Community Health Needs Assessment

Health status

(Components of Community Health Needs Assessment)

health condition, health illness pattern and trend (causes of morbidity/mortality)

Health status

(Components of Community Health Needs Assessment)

health knowledge, attitudes, and practice

Health resources

(Components of Community Health Needs Assessment)

RHU, BHS, hospitals & specialty clinics, equipment & facilities

Health resources

(Components of Community Health Needs Assessment)

manpower resources, financial resources

Health action potential

(Components of Community Health Needs Assessment)

health implementation and services