Modern italy

quiz 1

King Victor Emmanuel II:

first king of a united Italy. Savoi family - Kingdom of Turin and Sardinia

Giuseppe Garibaldi:

A national hero who led the Expedition of the Thousand, which played a crucial role in the unification

Expedition of the Thousand (1860):

Garibaldi's campaign to conquer Southern Italy.

Count Camillo di Cavour:

Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont who engineered diplomatic and military maneuvers to unify Italy

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy (1861):

Official declaration of a unified Italy.

Capture of Rome (1870):

Final unification of Italy with Rome as its capital.

King Umberto I -

assassinated in 1900. His son, Victor Emmanuel III next and last King of Italy.

l growth transforming Northern Italy into:

an economic hub. Buitoni, Peroni, FIAT, Lancia, Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Citerio, Pirelli, and more

Emigration to the Americas: Large-scale emigration due to economic hardship, mainly from the South.

2.3 million Italians emigrate to the USA

Regional Disparities:

Significant economic and social differences between the industrialized North and the agrarian South.

Political Instability and Corruption:

Frequent changes in government and widespread political corruption.

Vittorio Orlando:

Prime Minister during WWI who represented Italy at the Treaty of Versailles.

Entry into the War (1915):

Italy joined the Allies against the Central Powers.

Battle of Caporetto (1917):

A disastrous defeat for Italy during WWI.

Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919):

Treaty ending the war with Austria, granting Italy territories but causing dissatisfaction and unrest.

Benito Mussolini:

Founder of the Fascist Party and dictator of Italy

March on Rome (1922):

Mussolini's seizure of power.

Establishment of the 20-year Fascist Dictatorship:

Transformation of Italy into a totalitarian state under Mussolini.

Lateran Treaty (1929):

Agreement between the Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican, establishing Vatican City as an independent state.

Expansionist Dreams:

‘Fondatore dell’Impero’. Attempts to colonize Eritrea and the conflict with Ethiopia.

Benito Mussolini:

source of inspiration to fascist Adolf Hitler, aligned with Nazi Germany.

invasion of Ethiopia (1935):

Italian aggression marking its expansionist policies. Disastrous results. Left the italian military significantly depleted of resource going into the 1940s

Alliance with Nazi Germany:

Italy joined Hitler in the war in 1940 creating the Rome-Berlin Axis.

King Victor Emmanuel III:

Monarch technically in power throughout Mussolini’s reign. He eventually called on the Fascist Grand Council to dismiss Mussolini in a vote of No Confidence in July of 1943

Fall of Mussolini (1943):

Mussolini was deposed, and Italy welcomed the Allies who first arrived in Sicily in 1943.

Italian Social Republic (1943-1945):

Mussolini's puppet state in Northern Italy after his initial arrest. He had been liberated by German Paratroopers then placed in power in the town of Salo`.

Alcide De Gasperi:

Prime Minister who led Italy's post-war reconstruction.

Referendum to Abolish the Monarchy (1946):

Italians voted to establish a republic, ending the monarchy. Festa della Repubblica celebrated June 2nd.

Economic Miracle (1950s-1960s):

Period of rapid economic growth and industrialization.

Membership in NATO and EEC:

Integration into Western military and economic structures.

0-500 aD/CE -

Roman Fiorentia

500-1000 -

Early Medieval

1000-1400 -

Late Medieval

late 1200s early 1300s =

Golden Age of Firenze

1400s-1500s -

Renaissance

1530s - 1730s -

Medici Grand Duchy of Tuscany

1730s -

Unification - Lorena Hapsburg Grand Duchy of Tuscany

1800c.

- Napoleon

1861 -

Unification of Italy

1865-1870 -

Firenze Capitale