a&p 1.1.A & 1.1.B
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41 Terms
anatomy
the study of form
types of anatomy
gross, regional, systemic, cellular
gross anatomy
the whole body. macroscopic (things you can see)
regional anatomy
specific regions of the body such as the head or chest (think ENT doctor)
systemic anatomy
specific system of the body (think cardiovascular doctor)
cellular anatomy
study of the cells of the body. microscopic
physiology
the study of function
types of physiology
neurophysiology, endocrinology, immunology, pathophysiology
neurophysiology
study of the nervous system
endocrinology
study of the endocrine system
immunology
study of the immune system
pathophysiology
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
levels of organization
- atom 2. molecule 3. macromolecule 4. organelle 5. cells 6. tissue 7. organ 8. organ system 9. organism
integumentary system
encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors
skeletal system
supports the body, enables movement (with muscular system)
muscular system
enables movement (with skeletal system), helps maintain body temperature
lymphatic system
returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens
respitory system
removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood
urinary system
controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them
nervous system
detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses
endocrine system
secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes
cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body
digestive system
processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food
male reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
female reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant
anatomical position
palms up
frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
transverse plane
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right
superior
higher on the body, nearer to the head
inferior
lower on the body, farther from the head
posterior
toward the back
anterior
toward the front
medial
toward the midline
lateral
away from the midline
proximal
closer to the point of attachment
distal
away from the point of attachment
dorsal
toward the back
ventral
toward the belly
cranial
toward the head
caudel
toward the tail