biology final review

What is the structure of DNA?

DNA is structured as a double helix.

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Helicase unzips the DNA.

What distinguishes the leading strand from the lagging strand?

The leading strand is continuous, while the lagging strand has Okazaki fragments.

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

DNA is located in the nucleus.

What is the purpose of transcription in protein synthesis?

To produce a strand of mRNA from DNA.

What is a codon?

A set of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid.

What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

Transcription and translation.

What is the process of meiosis?

Meiosis produces haploid sex cells through two rounds of PMAT.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

What happens during glycolysis?

Glycolysis splits glucose and produces energy-carrying molecules like ATP.

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.