micro disease

SARS-CoV-2

• Altered smell and taste

• Headache

• Confusion

• Movement problems

Meningitis

• Photophobia

• Headache

• Painful or stiff neck

• Fever

• Increased WBC in CSF

• Certain microorganisms may cause additional

characteristic symptoms

Neonatal and Infant Meningitis

Usually the result of an infection transmitted by the mother

in utero or during passage through the birth canal

• As more premature babies survive, rates of neonatal

meningitis increase

Meningoencephalitis

Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain

Acute Encephalitis

Almost always caused by viral infection

• Signs and symptoms:

• Behavior changes or confusion due to inflammation

• Decreased consciousness and seizures

• Symptoms of meningitis

• Treatment is usually with acyclovir

Subacute Encephalitis

Symptoms take longer to show up and are less striking

Zika Virus

• Zika is an RNA virus

• Transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, via sexual

intercourse, and in utero

• When adults are infected, they can experience a range of

symptoms, from none at all to a skin rash, conjunctivitis, and

muscle and joint pain

Rabies

Slow, progressive zoonotic disease characterized by fatal

encephalitis

• Furious rabies:

• Agitation, disorientation, seizures, and twitching

• Hydrophobia

• Dumb rabies:

• Patient is paralyzed, disoriented, and stuporous

• Both forms progress to a coma phase:

• Death results from cardiac or respiratory arrest

Poliomyelitis

• Acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord

• Can cause neuromuscular paralysis

• Signs and symptoms:

• Fever, headache, nausea, sore throat, and myalgia

• Neurotropic: infiltrates the motor neurons of the

anterior horn of the spinal cord

• Also attacks the spinal ganglia, cranial nerves, and

motor nuclei

paralytic bulbar and post polio

Tetanus

• Common resident of

soil and GI tracts of

animals

• Gram-positive,

endospore-forming rod

• Endospores are only

produced under

anaerobic conditions

Botulinum Toxin

• Toxin travels from the

bloodstream to the

neuromuscular junctions of

skeletal muscles

• Prevents the release of

acetylcholine, resulting in

flaccid paralysis

• Botox is utilized by doctors

to treat uncontrolled muscle

spasms, migraine

headaches, and other

conditions

Botulism

Intoxication: caused by

an exotoxin

African Sleeping Sickness

Intermittent fever, enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes,

joint pain

• Personality and behavioral changes

• Extreme fatigue and sleep disturbances

• Uncontrollable sleepiness during the day, sleeplessness at

night

• Muscle tremors, shuffling gait, slurred speech, seizures,

and local paralysis

• Death results from coma, secondary infections, and heart

damage