A&P II Exam 1

Somatic Nervous System

carries infomration to skeletal muscle

Autonomic

carries information to smooth muscle, caridac muscle, and glands

cranial nerves

nerves arises from the brain

spinal nerves

nerves arises from the spinal cord

epineurium

structure that wraps each nerve

perineurium

structure that wraps each fascicle

endoneurium

structure that wraps each axon

sensory nerves

conducts impulse into CNS (3 pairs)

motor nerve

conduct impulses to muscles or glands (5 pairs)

mixed nerves

contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers; most nerves

general somatic efferent fibers

carries motor impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

general visceral efferent fibers

carry motor impulses away from CNS to smooth muscle and glands

general somatic afferent fibers

carry sensory impulses to CNS from skin and skeletal muscles

general visceral afferent fibers

carry sensory impulses to CNS from blood vessel and internal organs

special somatic efferent fibers

muscles used for chewing, swallowing, speaking, and forming facial expressions

special somatic afferent fibers

carry sensory impulses to brain from receptors of sight, hearing, and equilibrium

special visceral afferent fibers

carry sensory impulses to brainf rom olfactory and taste receptors

olfactory (I)

sensory for smell

optic (II)

sensory for vision

oculomotor (III)

motor to muscles that innervate eye muscles (III)

Trochlear (IV)

motor to muscles that innervate eye muscles (IV)

trigeminal (V)

mixed nerve for opthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular divison

abducens (VI)

motor to muscles that innervate eye muscles (VI)

facial (VII)

mixed nerve for taste (sensory) and facial movement (motor)

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

sensory nerve for equilibrium

glossopharyngeal (IX)

mixed nerve for tongue (sensory) and salivary glands (motor)

vagus (X)

mixed nerve that innervates visceral smooth muscle

accessory (XI)

motor nerve for neck and throat

hypoglossal (XII)

motor nerve for tonge muscles

dorsal root

axons of sensory neruons in the doral root ganglion

dorsal root ganglion

cell bodies of sensory neurons

ventral root

axons of motor neruons whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord

spinal nerve

union of ventral root and dorsal root

31

pairs of mixed nerves

8

pairs of cervical nerves

12

pairs of thoracic nerves

5

pairs of lumbar nerves

5

pairs of sacral nerves

1

pairs of coccygeal nerves

mixed nerves

all spinal nerves are _____

dermatome

an area of skin that the sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve innerate
vary considerable in size and shape

dermatome function

useful in localizing sites of injuries to dorsal roots or the spinal cord

nerve plexus

complex networks formed by anterior branches of spinal nerves; fibers of various spinal nerves are sorted and recombined

T2 - T11

nerve plexus does not include

C1 - C4

cervical plexus levels

phrenic nerve

cervical plexus contributes to the

C5 - T1

brachial plexus levels

musculocutaneous nerves

supply muscles of anterior arms and skin of forearms
anterior forearm

ulnar nerves

supply muscles of forearms and hands
supply skin of hands
medial deltold muscle

radial nerves

supply posterior muscles of arms and skin of forearms and hands
posterior forearm

axillary nerves

supply muscles and skin of superior, lateral, and posterior arms

L1 - S5

lumbosacral plexus levels

obturator nerves

supply adductors of thighs
inner thigh

femoral nerves

supply muscles and skin of thighs and legs
quads

sciatic nerves

supply muscles and skin of thighs, legs, and feet

hamstrings

T2- T11

intercostal nerve levels

conscious effect

ANS functions without ____

visceral activities

ANS controls _____

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

ANS regulates ____

fight or flight

sympathetic prepares for ____

rest and digest

parasympathetic prepares for ____

epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20)

sympathetic nervous system releases

acetylcholine

parasympathetic nervous system releases

cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory activites

medulla oblongata regulates ____

visceral functions

hypothalamus regulates ____

emotional responses

limbic system and cerebral cortex control ____