APUSH Period 2 Vocabulary

England was in a position to colonize the lands explored a century earlier

John Cabot

Used to finance the risky enterprise of colonization

Joint-stock company

such as Jamestown, were operated by joint-stock companies, at least during these colonies’ early years

Corporate colonies

such as Virginia after 1624, were to be under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.

Royal colonies

such as Maryland and Pennsylvania, were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Proprietary colonies

a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607, chartered by England’s King James I.

Virginia Company

the first permanent English colony in America

Jamestown

Through their leadership, Jamestown survived its first five years

Captain John Smith

Through his and his Indian wife, the colony developed a variety of tobacco that became popular in Europe and a profitable crop.

John Rolfe

The economic theory that a country’s wealth was determined by how much more it exported than it imported.

Mercantilism

The radical dissenters, wanted to organize a completely separate church that was independent of royal control.

Separatists

Several hundred Separatists left England for Holland in search of religious freedom.

Pilgrims

early English settlement founded by Pilgrims in 1620

Plymouth Colony

boat carrying Pilgrims set to sail to Virginia consisting of with fewer than half of the 100 passengers being Separatists; rest being people with economic motives

Mayflower

group of more moderate dissenters that believed that the Church of England could be reformed, or purified.

Puritans

English settlement established by Puritans seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

a thousand Puritans were led by him sailed for Massachusetts and founded Boston.

John Winthrop

Religious and political conflict in England in the 1630s drove some 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony — a movement known as?

Great Migration

the first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians. However, the statue also called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.

Act of Toleration

Puritan minister who believed that the individual’s conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority.

Roger Williams

She believed in antinomianism—the idea that since individuals receive salvation through their faith alone, they were not required to follow traditional moral laws.

Anne Hutchinson

To maintain the church’s influence and membership, this was offered by some clergy so that people could become partial members even if they had not felt a conversion.

Halfway Covenant

consisted of Virginia and Maryland

Chesapeake Colonies

Believed that religious authority was found within each person and not in the Bible nor in any outside source. Called themselves the Religious Society of Friends.

Quakers

inherited land known as Pennsylvania and was a quaker

William Penn

an initiative launched by William Penn; hoped his colony would provide religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people as well as generate income and profits for himself.

Holy Experiment

guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration.

Charter of LIberties 1701

early form of self-government and rudimentary written constitution, a document drawn up and signed by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620, they pledged to make decisions by the will of the majority.

Mayflower Compact

The Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in American history, it established a representative government with a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by the legislature.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

triangular, three-part route that connected North America, Africa, and Europe in various ways.

Triangular Trade

first democratically elected legislative body in English North America, established in Jamestown, Virginia, on July 30, 1619.

Virginia House of Burgesses

established three rules for colonial trade.

1. trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, operated only by English or colonial trade.

2. All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, had to pass through ports in England.

3. Specified or “enumerated” goods from the colonies could be exported to England only. Tobacco was the original “enumerated” good, but over the years, the list was greatly expanded.

Navigation Acts