11th Grade U.S. History EOC Vocabulary Review

Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War to rebuild and reintegrate the Southern states.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

Granted African American men the right to vote.

Black Codes

Laws limiting the rights of African Americans in the South.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Freedmen's Bureau

Agency that helped freed slaves with food, housing, and education.

Sharecropping

System where freedmen worked land in exchange for a share of crops.

Radical Republicans

Congressmen who wanted harsh punishment for the South and rights for freedmen.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction; federal troops left the South.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that legalized segregation ("separate but equal").

Industrialization

Growth of factories and mass production.

Monopoly

Total control of a product or service.

Trusts

A group of corporations controlled by a single board.

Robber Barons

Wealthy businessmen who used exploitative practices.

Labor Unions

Organizations to protect workers' rights.

Strikes

Work stoppages to demand better conditions.

Laissez-faire

Government stays out of business affairs.

Social Darwinism

Belief that only the strong businesses survive.

Urbanization

Growth of cities due to industrialization.

Immigration

Movement of people into the U.S. for better opportunities.

Nativism

Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.

Political Machines

Corrupt city organizations that controlled politics.

Tenement Housing

Poor, overcrowded housing for immigrants.

Imperialism

Strong nations take over weaker ones.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized news to stir emotions.

Spanish-American War

1898 war where the U.S. gained overseas territories.

Platt Amendment

Allowed U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs.

Open Door Policy

Allowed equal trade in China.

Roosevelt Corollary

U.S. could intervene in Latin America.

Panama Canal

U.S.-built waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Use of military force to influence other nations.

Dollar Diplomacy

Using economic power to influence nations.

Moral Diplomacy

Promoting democratic ideals abroad.

MAIN Causes

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

Zimmerman Telegram

Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German attacks on ships without warning.

Selective Service Act

Required men to register for the draft.

Espionage Act

Banned interference with the war effort.

Sedition Act

Prohibited speech against the government.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's plan for postwar peace.

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI, blamed Germany.

League of Nations

International peacekeeping organization (U.S. didn't join).

Harlem Renaissance

African American cultural movement.

Prohibition

Ban on alcohol (18th Amendment).

Speakeasies

Illegal bars during Prohibition.

Flappers

Young women challenging traditional norms.

Scopes Trial

Debate over teaching evolution in schools.

Red Scare

Fear of communism in the U.S.

Palmer Raids

Government raids on suspected radicals.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Controversial trial of two immigrant anarchists.

Stock Market Crash (1929)

Triggered the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

Drought and dust storms in the Great Plains.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns during the Great Depression.

New Deal

FDR's programs to fight the Depression.

Fireside Chats

Radio talks by FDR to reassure the public.

Social Security Act

Provided pensions for the elderly.

FDIC

Protected bank deposits.

CCC / WPA

New Deal programs for jobs.

Court Packing Plan

FDR's failed plan to add Supreme Court justices.

Appeasement

Giving in to avoid conflict (e.g., Hitler).

Lend-Lease Act

U.S. aid to Allies before entering war.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack that brought U.S. into WWII.

War Bonds

Government fundraising for the war.

Rationing

Limiting consumption of resources.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women in wartime industry.

Internment Camps

Detention of Japanese Americans.

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. program to build the atomic bomb.

D-Day

Allied invasion of Normandy.

Island Hopping

U.S. strategy in the Pacific.

Atomic Bomb

Ended WWII with bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki.

United Nations

International peacekeeping body after WWII.

Containment

Preventing the spread of communism.

Truman Doctrine

Aid to countries resisting communism.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid to rebuild Europe.

NATO

Military alliance of Western countries.

Korean War

Conflict between communist North and democratic South.

Vietnam War

Controversial U.S. conflict to stop communism.

Domino Theory

Idea that if one country falls to communism, others follow.

Cuban Missile Crisis

U.S.-Soviet standoff over nuclear missiles in Cuba.

McCarthyism

Fear and accusation of communism in the U.S.

Space Race

Competition to explore space.

Brown v. Board

Ended segregation in public schools.

Civil Disobedience

Peaceful protest against unjust laws.

MLK Jr.

Leader of the Civil Rights Movement.

Malcolm X

Advocated for Black empowerment.

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Outlawed discrimination.

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Protected African American voting rights.

Freedom Rides

Activists who rode buses to protest segregation.

Sit-ins

Peaceful protests at segregated counters.

Great Society

Johnson's programs to fight poverty.

Watergate

Political scandal leading to Nixon's resignation.

Roe v. Wade

Legalized abortion nationwide.

Iran Hostage Crisis

52 Americans held in Iran for over a year.

Reaganomics

Reagan's economic policy of tax cuts and deregulation.

9/11 Attacks

Terrorist attacks on the U.S. in 2001.

Patriot Act

Expanded surveillance to combat terrorism.

Affordable Care Act

Health care reform law (Obamacare).