WW1 Part 2 Military History

What were early machine gun models like and how were they used

• early models were often heavy and required 4-6 operators 

• Used defensively 

•  Could fire 450-600 bullets a minute 

what is the world’s 1st self powered machine gun

Maxim Machine Gun

what were the 3 types of artillery used in WW1

Field

howitzer

mortar

what was Big Bertha 

German Howitzer 

one of the biggest peices of artillery ever made 

who first introduced the tank in WW1

British

what were the first tanks like ?

limited range, very slow, would often break down

who created the airship

• German General Ferdinand von Zeppelin 

how were airships used

bombers and scouts

who flew the first airplane 

Wright Brothers in 1903 

what were aircrafts used for originally in WW1

reconnaissance

what allowed for machine gun to be placed in front of pilot without shooting off propeller 

Interrupter gear 

who first invented strategic bombing

Germany

what is an Ace

pilot with 5 confirmed kills

who was the greatest Ace of WW1

• Red Baron 

• Had 80 confirmed kills  

who was Herman Goering

• leader of the Flying Circus after death of Red Baron 

• Will become 2nd in charge of Nazi Germany 

what was the Hague convention 

In 1899 prohibited projectiles whose sole purpose was ashyxiating gases 

when was gas first used in WW1

• the French when the Germans were pushing through Belgium, the gas used was tear gas, in order to slow their advance 

• Mustard gas

• greatly feared because of the skins it created 

• Odorless , wet and sticky , it would get on skin so soldiers had to wear coverings from head to toe 

• causes more casulites  than any  gas in WW1 

• Phosgene Gas -

• killed more soldiers than chlorine and mustard gas combined ( 85% of gas deaths 

• Colorless smelled like cut hay, so very difficult to detect 

why did Hitler never use gas in WW2

he was a victim of a gas attack in WW1 that temporarily blinded him 

what was a better classed ship and the most important ship to naval combat in WW1 

Dreadnoughts ( Battleships) 

• U- boat

• German submarine 

• Unterseeboot

• undersea boat 

what is unrestricted submarine warfare and who used it first ? 

one would would sink without warning any enemy or neutral ship found in their enemies waters 

first used by the Germans 

Woodrow Wilson

President during WW1 1913-1921

What was Woodrow Wilson’s campagin slogan

‘He kept us out of war “

waht was the Gallipoli Campaign

• Allies hoped to capture Dardanelles and Constantinople , the capital of Ottoman Empire 

• Knock Ottomans out of the war 

• only major ottoman victory of WW1

lusistania

• Passenger liner sunk by German U-Boats off coast of Ireland on May 7,1915 

• 1,198 people died including 128 Americans 

Battle of Verdun 

• Largest and longest battle of WW1 fought along the Western Front 

• fought between French and Germans 

Battle of the Somme 

Fought by British and French against the Germans on Western Front

On 1st day British suffered 57,000 casualties with over 19,000 killed

1st use of tanks in battle

Zimmerman Telegraph February 1917

• Stated Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” lands than lost to the U.S if they would ally with Germany 

John  “Black Jack” Pershing 

in charge of forces in the Western Front

• Refused to allow American forces to be integrated into British and French armies 

• Selective Service (may 1917 )

• First national draft in American history 

• Required all men 21- 31 to register for the draft 

how many black soldiers evrved during ww1

200,000

who were the most famous African Americans in WW1

Harlem Helfighters

Eugene Bullard

-Nickname was ''The Black Swallow of Death''

-Had 2 kills 

• World's 1st black fighter pilot

Eddie Rickenbacker

-Was an accomplished American race car driver

won the Medal of Honor is America's greatest Ace of war with 26 victories

Alvin York

Deeply religious man

-Began war as a conscientious objector, but was denied and sent to France

awarded the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, and several other citations for bravery

total war

• meaning countries devoted all their resources to the war effort 

Rationing 

• Limited people to only buying small amounts of goods needed for the war effort 

Propaganda 

• One - sided information designed to persuade , to keep up morale and support for the war 

what role did women play in WW1

• Thousands of women took jobs in factories producing wartime weapons 

• Some served on or near front lines as nurses 

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

• ending the war between the 2 and allowing Germany to only focus on Western Front  

• allowed russia to withdrae from ww1

Fourteen points 

• Written by President Wilson, outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace

Spanish Flu 

end up killing 20 million to 50 million people worldwide, more than will die from WW1

what did German soldiers do in retaliation against kaiser Whilhem II

mutinied,

when was armistice signed to end WW1

November 11 1918

Treaty of Versailles

ended ww1

what is the war guilt clause

• said that Germany was responsible for the war 

reparations

• payments to compensate for Allied countries cost 

what happened to Germany ’s military after the treaty of Versailles

rhineland turned into DMZ

• army reduced to 100,000 men 

• Not allowed an air force 

• Only allowed 6 naval ships 

• Allowed no - u boats (submarines) 

League of Nations

• Woodrow Wilson’s 14th point 

• Designed to give countries a place to resolve disputes to avoid war 

years of the Mexican American War

1946-1948

years of ww1

1914-1918

years of civil war

1861-1865

years of spanish american war

1898

years of the american revolution

1775-1783

years of the war of 1812

1812-1815