AP Human Geography Part 8 - C

Transnational corporation

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

Triangular slave trade

A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

Trolling

The practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in social media in order to provoke quarrels or otherwise agitate people.

Truck farming

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named for the Middle English word truck, meaning 'barter' or 'exchange of commodities.'

Unauthorized immigrant

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so.

Underclass

A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic disadvantages.

Undernourishment

Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

Uneven development

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.

Unitary state

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.

Universalizing religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

Urban area

A dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low-density land that links the dense suburbs with the core.

Urban cluster

In the United States, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.

Urbanized area

In the United States, an urban area with at least 50,000 inhabitants.

Utopian settlement

A community built around an ideal way of life, often based on a religion.

Vernacular region

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

Vertical integration

An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.

Vigorous language

A language that is in daily use but that lacks a literary tradition.

Voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

Vulgar Latin

A form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents.

Weapon of mass destruction

A nuclear, biological, chemical, or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere.

Wet rice

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

Working language

A language that is used by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation.

World-systems theory

Theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that in an increasingly unified world economy developed countries form an inner core area whereas developing countries are found on the periphery and semi-periphery.

Xenophobia

Fear of people who are from other countries.

Zero population growth

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.