Endocrine System Hormones and Glands Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing major endocrine glands, their hormones, functions, and hyposecretion/hypersecretion conditions based on the lecture notes.

Growth Hormone

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth. Hyposecretion causes pituitary dwarfism, and hypersecretion causes gigantism.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland. Hyposecretion leads to cretinism in children and myxedema in adults, while hypersecretion causes Grave's disease.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens. Hyposecretion leads to failure of sexual maturation, and hypersecretion results in Cushing's disease.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates sperm production and estrogen release/ovulation. Hyposecretion results in failure of sexual maturation.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation, estrogen production, or testosterone production. Hyposecretion causes failure of sexual maturation, menses disruption, or impotence.

Prolactin

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes milk production and lactation. Hyposecretion results in poor milk production.

Oxytocin

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during labor.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A pituitary hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and maintain cell balance. Hyposecretion leads to diabetes insipidus.

Thyroid Hormone

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that controls overall body metabolism. Hyposecretion causes myxedema in adults (low metabolic rate, lethargy), whereas hypersecretion causes Grave's disease (elevated metabolism, weight loss, nervousness, eye changes).

Parathyroid Hormone

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that controls blood calcium levels affecting respiration and kidneys. Hyposecretion causes muscle twitching and convulsions, whereas hypersecretion leads to hyperparathyroidism and calcium leaching.

Mineralocorticoid

An adrenal cortex hormone that controls blood volume and pressure. Hyposecretion causes Addison's disease, and hypersecretion causes Cushing's syndrome and high blood pressure.

Glucocorticoids

Hormones produced by the adrenal gland that promote blood sugar production. Hyposecretion causes Addison's disease, and hypersecretion causes Cushing's syndrome.

Gonadocorticoids

Adrenal hormones that contribute to sex drive/characteristics. Hypersecretion leads to masculinization in females.

Epinephrine / Norepinephrine

Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland during fight-or-flight responses to increase heart rate and metabolic rate. Hypersecretion leads to high blood pressure and hyperglycemia.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels. Hyposecretion leads to hypoglycemia, and hypersecretion causes hyperglycemia.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels. Hyposecretion results in hyperglycemia/diabetes, and hypersecretion causes hypoglycemia.

Progesterone

An ovarian hormone that helps estrogen promote breast development and cyclic changes in the uterine walls. Hyposecretion causes failure to reach sexual maturity.

Estrogen

An ovarian hormone responsible for the maturation of female sex organs and appearance of secondary sex characteristics. Hyposecretion leads to failure of sexual maturation.

Testosterone

A hormone produced by the testicles that initiates maturation of male sex organs and sex drive. Hyposecretion leads to failure of sexual maturation.

Melatonin

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland that is associated with regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

Thymosins

Hormones produced by the thymus gland that play a role in the body's immune response.