Untitled Flashcards Set

Consolidation of Monarchies

A shift toward centralized power by kings over feudal nobles.

William the Conqueror

Norman duke who became King of England after defeating Harold.

Battle of Hastings

Decisive battle that led to the Norman conquest of England.

Henry II

English king known for legal reforms and conflict with the Church.

Thomas Becket

Archbishop of Canterbury who opposed Henry II’s attempts to control the Church.

Magna Carta

Charter of rights forced on King John by his barons.

Philip II

French king who strengthened royal authority and reclaimed lands.

Frederick Barbarossa

Holy Roman Emperor who tried to control Italy and strengthen imperial power.

Frederick II

Holy Roman Emperor noted for cultural patronage and conflict with the Pope.

Reconquista

Christian efforts to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rulers.

Intellectual Revolution

Growth of learning and critical thought in Europe.

Ibn Sina, “Avicenna”

Persian Muslim philosopher and physician influential in European medicine.

Cathedral Schools

Schools attached to cathedrals to educate clergy and were predecessors to universities.

University of Paris

One of the first and most influential medieval universities known for theology and philosophy.

University of Bologna

The oldest university in Europe, especially renowned for law.

Trivium / Quadrivium

The basic liberal arts curriculum taught to elite students in medieval schools.

Scholasticism

Method of critical thinking and learning that used reason to understand faith.

Peter Abelard

Philosopher and theologian known for logic and advanced the Scholastic method.

High Middle Ages Culture

Flourishing of art, literature, and intellectual life between c. 1000–1300.

Chivalry

Code of conduct for medieval knights, emphasizing bravery and honor.

Tournaments

Martial contests between knights, showcasing chivalric ideals.

Falconry

Hunting using trained birds of prey, practiced by nobility.

Guild

Organization of artisans or merchants that regulated trades.

Cathedral

Large churches serving as religious and civic centers, showcasing Gothic architecture.