AP Euro Final - Fall 2024

Machiavelli's Government

Best government ensures stability and security.

Pragmatism in Rulership

Rulers should use any means to maintain power.

Ends Justify Means

Outcome justifies actions taken to achieve it.

Age of Exploration

Driven by economic, religious, and technological factors.

Indulgences

Sale of pardons for sins by the Church.

Martin Luther's 95 Theses

Document challenging Catholic Church's practices.

Sola Fide

Luther's belief that faith alone grants salvation.

Predestination

Calvin's belief that God chooses who is saved.

Sola Scriptura

Bible is the sole authority for Christians.

Thirty Years' War Impact

Devastated Holy Roman Empire, led to fragmentation.

Peace of Westphalia

Established state sovereignty in Europe post-war.

Louis XIV's Wars

Engaged in wars for French territorial expansion.

English Civil War Results

Defeat of Charles I and rise of Commonwealth.

Glorious Revolution

Overthrew James II, established parliamentary sovereignty.

Bill of Rights 1689

Limited monarchy's power in England.

Scientific Revolution

Emphasized reason and observation in knowledge.

Enlightenment Ideals

Advocated for reason, rights, and skepticism.

Protestant Education Influence

Promoted literacy and Bible reading in communities.

British East India Company

Expanded England's colonial presence in India.

Rise of Reading

1700s saw increased public literacy and interest.

French Revolution Causes

Political dissatisfaction, economic hardship, social inequality.

Napoleonic Code

Promoted equality before law in conquered regions.

Merit-based Bureaucracy

Centralized administration established by Napoleon.

Secular Education

Education system free from religious influence.