2025 IGCSE - Life Processes and Cells

MRS GREN

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Animal Cell

Ribosome, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm

Plant Cell

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Vacuole

Ribosome

Forms proteins

Cell Membrane

Controls what moves in and out of the cell

Nucleus

Powerhouse of the cell, contains DNA

MItochondria

Carries out respiration

Cytoplasm

Where reactions occur

Cell Wall

GIves shape and structure to cell (made of cellulose)

Chloroplasts

Contain chlorophyll

Vacuole

Contains nutrients

Bacterial Cell

Loop of DNA, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Plasmid, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm

Plasmid

Small sections of DNA

Cell

Makes up all living organisms

Tissue

distinct material of which organisms are made consisting of cells

Organ

Specialised structure composed of many different tissues that perform a function

Organ System

Biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together

Organism

A plant, animal or single-celled life from that carries out MRS GREN

Root Hair Cells

Absorb water and minerals

Palisade Mesophyll Cells

Carry out photosynthesis

Red Blood Cells

Transport Oxygen

Diffusion

Movement of particles to fill a space they are in

Factors of DIffusion

Large surface area, higher temperature, higher concentration gradient, shorter distance all INCREASE diffusion

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential

Turgid

Swollen and distended

Turgor Pressure

A state of turdigity

Plasmolysis

Shrinking of a plants cytoplasm due to water loss

Flaccid

Loose or limp, drooping

Active Transport

Particles moving against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration (opposite of diffusion)