BACTERIAL GROWTH REQUIREMENTS

autotrophic

“self-feeders” create their own organic food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy

heterotrophic

“other-feeders" that cannot make their own food and must survive by consuming or absorbing other living or dead organisms

potassium, magnesium and calcium

IONIC AND CATALYTIC NEEDS

zinc, manganese, cobalt, copper and molybdenum

TRACE ELEMENTS

ENERGY SOURCE

to generate ATP – for performing cellular functions

Phototrophs

Harvest energy directly from sunlight

Chemotrophs:

Obtain energy by oxidizing organic or inorganic chemical compounds

Lithotrophs

uses inorganic compounds i.e ammonia, or ferrous iron as electron source

Organotrophs

uses organic compounds i.e carbohydrates – glucose i.e. E. coli

NON-FASTIDIOUS

require basic nutrients for growth

FASTIDIOUS

need additional nutrients & other requirements for growth

Haemphilus

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Blood - X and V factors

mycobacterium

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Protein

halophilic

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Salt - increased salt concentration

vibrios

in General ___________________are halophilic

s. aureus

can tolerate 7.5% ______ salt

enterococcus

can tolerate 6.5% _______ salt

F. tularensis

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Amino acids – cystine and cysteine

bacteroides fragilis

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 20% Bile _____________________ (anaerobe)

Bacillus anthracis

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Vitamin B1

Cholesterol

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS genus Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma

Bordetella pertussis

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS cysteine, nicotinic acid and methionine

Anaerobes (Bacteroides)

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Hemin and Vitamin K

legionella

BACTERIA WITH SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS cysteine and iron

obligate aerobes, 21%, 0.03%

Requires O2 for growth: ___________oxygen & __________ CO2

obligate aerobes

With catalase and superoxide dismutase

Obligate anaerobes

No requiring oxygen = 0% O2, 5% CO2, 10% H2, 10% N2

Facultative aerobes

Can live with or without air

microaerophiles

Requires small amount of air = 5-10% O2, 8-10% CO2, 85% N

aerotolerant

Not growing well in the presence of air but can still survive in the presence of air

caprophilic

Requiring increase CO2

Examples of oligate aerobes

Examples of oligate aerobes

p. aeruginosa

Examples of obligate aerobes

bordetella

Examples of obligate aerobes

mycobacterium

Examples of obligate anaerobes

b. fragilis

Examples of obligate anaerobes

fusobacterium

Examples of aerotolerant

Some Clostridia

Examples of aerotolerant

Lactobacillus

Examples of aerotolerant

Propionibacterium

10-15%

Caprophilic Campylobacter co2 requirement

5-10% CO2

Caprophilic requires ____ - ____% Haemophilus, Helicobacter, M. catarrhalis. Mycobacterium, Pathogenic Neisseria, HACEK

Psychrophilic

< 10 degC

Mesophilic

20-40 degC / moderate temperature

Thermophilic

50-55 degC

Thermoduric

Not growing well at high temperature but can still withstand exposure to high temperature

Acidophilic

Requires acid medium for growth i.e. lactobacillus acidophilus

Basophilic

Require basic medium for growth

i.e. vibrio

Neutrophilic

pH 7.2-7.4

anaerobe

GASPAK JAR/ McIntosh and Fildes' anaerobic jar / Brewer’s Jar for ________ has no O₂

anaerobiasis

Uses Palladium catalyst maintin

inactivation of catalyst

Most common failure of GasPak jar

Methylene Blue or Resazurin

Indicators of GASPAK jar

blue; pink

In the presence of oxygen Methylene Blue is ________while Resazurin is __________

colorless

in the absence of oxygen, they become _________________

Microaerophilic and Capnophilic

CANDLE JAR _______________________________

Capnophilic

increase CO2 (neisseria)

campylobacter and helicobacter spp

Microaerophilic and Capnophilic

alpha hemolysis

partial / incomplete hemolysis on BAP, greening of agar

beta hemolysis

complete hemolysis on BAP; clear zone around the colonies

gamma hemolysis

no hemolysis on BAP

wide hemolysis (alpha prime)

colony surrounded by inner alpha outer beta hemolysis, due to prolonged refrigeration

double/target

inner beta and outer alpha hemolysis is called _________

C. perfrigens

double/target is exhibited by

Proteus

swarming in BAP, gram negative rod

Y. enterolitica

bullseye appearing colonies in CIN

H. influenzae

satellitism

B. anthrasis

medusa head

C. diptheriae

gray-black dot on CTBA

Chromobacterium violaceum

violet colonies on MHA

E. coli

greenish metallis sheen on EMB

P. aeruginosa

greenish metallic sheen on BAP

C. difficale

charteuse flourescence on BAP

S. pneumoniae

dome shaped colonies

M. catharrhasis

hocky puck movable

L. monocytogenes

umbrella like growth on gelatine media

B. anthracis

inverted fig tree pattern on gelatine medium

E. rhusiopathiae

bottle brush like growth

S. pneumoniae

coin with raised rim