AP World

Which country was forced to assume full responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany

Why did Russia back out of World War I?

They had internal conflicts - Russian Civil War; Bolsheviks took control of Russia and the war wasn’t in their interests

Which area of Europe was known as the “Powder Keg” prior to the outbreak of World War I?

Balkans (under the rule of the Austria-Hungarian Empire)

What type of warfare, on the Western Front, was most common during World War I?

Trench Warfare

What were the main reasons why the United States entered World War I?

U-Boats continued to attack civilian ships after being threatened by the US, Zimmerman Telegram

What was the name of the German plan of invasion in Western Europe during World War I?

Schlieffen Plan

What event is considered the immediate cause of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

The Partitioning of Africa

Why did Britain sell opium to China?

To reduce the trade imbalance between them

Which country colonized India, using the EAst India Tea Company to profit off Indian Ocean trade?

Britain

What method of protest did India’s independence leader make famous

Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience (non-violence)

What type of rule occurs when a colony run by local elites are removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country?

Direct rule

What was a major goal of David Livingstone’s explorations?

To find a river to open Central Africa to commerce and Christianity

What was the “white man’s burden”?

The belief that white men had the duty to “save” other people

According to Darwin, which of the following was Central to organic evolution? (crossed-out question)

Natural selection

Who led the famous Salt March of 1930 to help Indians gain independence from the British?

Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas K. Gandhi)

Who benefited the most from the Open-Door Policy in the 19th century?

Foreigners in China

What did the German military strategy of blitzkrieg depend upon?

Efficiency, power, and surprise

What were three causes of World War II?

The rise of totalitarian nations (German invasion of Poland), Treaty of Versailles, and M.A.I.N.

Who were the defendants at the Nuremberg trials?

Nazi officials

What was Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor a response to?

US refusal to lift trade embargos of oil

What was Truman’s main belief in justifying whether or not to drop the atomic bombs in Japan?

It would destroy Japan’s ability to fight, end the war quickly, and save American lives

Who were the two superpowers that were at odds during the Cold War?

United States vs Soviet Union

What were the motivations of the United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet Union’s involvement in Afghanistan?

Both nations wanted strong allies (had to be politically aligned)

What was the main reason the Chinese Communists gained control of mainland China in 1949?

Mao Zedong had strong leadership and peasant support

What is one similarity between the Reign of Terror during the French REvolution and the Cultural Revolution in China?

Both centralized and legitimized their rule and were violent in expelling political enemies

Which statement best characterized the period of apartheid in South Africa?

Many racist ideas of the ruling minority were adopted into laws (similar to Jim Crow Laws)

What is the name of the peacekeeping organization formed as a result of World War II with the intention of preventing future wars?

United Nations

What is the main reason for the beginning of the Cold War between the US and the USSR?

Ideological tensions

What are two examples of "proxy wars that were violent reactions to the competition between communism and capitalism?

Vietnam War, Korean War, Afghan War, Cuban Revolution

What is one thing the Red Guard of China did to China’s youth?

Employed many Chinese youth to rid China of the “Four Olds” (CHIC→culture, habits, ideas, customs), propaganda, public humiliation, destruction, and attacks, caused social and economic conflicts, required unquestioning loyalty to Mao

what was an immediate result of the Great Leap Forward (1958)?

Mass starvation among peasants

After World War II, what was the purpose of the Soviet Union establishing satellite states?

To expand power/influence and separate themselves from Western Europe