PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND MOVEMENT EDUCATION — Key Terms Flashcards

A vocabulary set covering key terms from the lecture notes on physical education in the Philippines, its history, movement education, fitness components, and body-types.

Physical Education (PE)

Holistic education focusing on physical fitness, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being; in the Philippines, a core part of education backed by a legal framework.

Legal Framework for Physical Education in the Philippines

Laws and policies that promote and integrate PE into schools and the curriculum.

Holistic Development

Development of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects through PE and related activities.

Pre-Spanish Period

Era before Spanish contact; survival skills and traditional activities shaped physical activity.

Negritos (Aetas)

Indigenous Filipino groups known for survival-based physical activities like running, jumping, and climbing.

Survival Skills

Physical activities such as hunting and gathering requiring endurance and agility.

Juna Camote

Traditional activity depicting stealing camotes; reflects resourcefulness and environmental connection.

Pina Pa-ni-lan

Traditional activity depicting honey gathering; part of resourcefulness and environment.

Indonesian and Malay Influence

Cultural influences bringing new agricultural practices and dance forms to the Philippines.

Spanish Regime

Historical period with limited impact on daily physical activity but introduction of dances and social games.

Dances Introduced During the Spanish Regime

Fandango, Curacha, Jota, Polka, Mazurka, Rigodon, Lanceros; incorporated into social life.

Pabitin

A children’s game where treats hang from a frame and players grab them.

Palo Sebo

Greased-pole climbing game popular among children.

Juego de Anillo

Ring-catching game played by children.

Sungka

Traditional board game similar to Mancala; often played by girls.

Siklot

Game involving throwing a small object at a target.

Piko

Traditional Filipino hopscotch-style game.

Luksong Tinik

Jumping over a ‘thorn’ obstacle in a traditional Filipino game.

Hide and Seek

Classic game of hiding and seeking.

Patintero

Tag-style game where players cross lines without being tagged.

Sipa

Kicking game using a shuttlecock-like object; popular outdoor activity.

Top Spinning

Playing with spinning tops as a traditional pastime.

Card Games in the Spanish Era

Recreational card games introduced by Spaniards as social activities.

Ateneo de Municipal de Manila

Early institution noted for incorporating physical education into its curriculum.

Normal School for Men (1863)

Royal decree establishing a Normal School for Men in Manila; PE was not included.

Gymnastics in Normal School (1893)

Inclusion of gymnastics in the curriculum, marking progress toward formal PE.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

End of the Spanish-American War; led to American influence and reopening of schools.

Physical Exercise in Public Schools (1901)

Introduction of PE as a subject in public schools with athletic programs.

Baseball and Track and Field (1905)

American-influenced sports introduced to schoolboys.

Athletic Handbook (1911)

Manual guiding teachers on athletic programs and activities.

Physical Education: A Manual for Teachers (1919)

Syllabus providing guidance for PE teachers during the American period.

PE as a Required Subject (1920)

PE becomes a mandatory part of the public school curriculum.

Core of Physical Education

Foundational aims: motor skill development, lifelong activity, fitness, and values.

Developing Motor Skills

Developing fundamental movements: running, jumping, throwing, catching, balancing.

Promoting Physical Activity

Encouraging lifelong engagement in regular exercise and healthy habits.

Enhancing Physical Fitness

Improving cardiovascular health, strength, endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Instilling Values

Teaching teamwork, discipline, respect, responsibility, and sportsmanship.

Health-Related Fitness

Fitness components used to measure overall health: endurance, strength, flexibility, etc.

Cardiovascular Endurance

Ability to sustain aerobic activity; examples include running, cycling, swimming.

Muscular Strength

Maximal force that muscles can exert against resistance.

Muscular Endurance

Ability to repeatedly apply maximal force over time.

Flexibility

Range of motion in joints; important for activities like gymnastics.

Ballistic Stretching

Stretching using muscle contractions and rapid bouncing to lengthen muscles.

Static Stretching

Stretching to a point and holding for 15–30 seconds.

Dynamic Stretching

Moving stretches using momentum to take joints through full range.

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Contract–relax stretching technique with partner resistance.

Performance-Related Fitness

Skill- and performance-related components: agility, balance, coordination, speed, power.

Agility

Ability to change direction quickly while maintaining speed.

Balance

Ability to stabilize the body in stillness or motion.

Coordination

Integration of senses with body parts; eye–hand coordination.

Speed

Ability to move quickly from one point to another.

Power

Ability to produce maximal force in a short time; combines speed and strength.

Ectomorph

Slim, light build with long limbs; fast metabolism; hard to gain weight.

Mesomorph

Muscular, athletic build with well-defined muscles.

Endomorph

Soft, round body with tendency to gain fat easily.

Four Factors of Movement

Space, Time, Weight, and Effort that influence movement and can be analyzed.

Expressive Movement

Movement used to convey emotions, ideas, and stories.

Constructive Movement

Everyday movement essential for tasks like walking, running, lifting.

Guided Discovery

Teaching style where students explore movements with teacher support and feedback.

Movement Education Benefits: Health and Wellness

Promotes healthy habits, physical fitness, coordination, and balance.

Movement Education Benefits: Movement Skills

Develops a broad range of movement abilities for sports, dance, and daily life.

Cognitive Development in Movement Education

Movement activities support thinking about bodies and movement.

Social Skills in Movement Education

Teamwork, communication, and collaboration through movement learning.

Movement Education: Foundation for Life

Movement education supports health, cognition, social skills, and performance across life.

Body Types: Ectomorph Traits

Long limbs, slim frame; fast metabolism; hard to gain weight.

Body Types: Mesomorph Traits

Muscular, athletic frame; gains muscle easily.

Body Types: Endomorph Traits

Rounded, stocky build; gains fat easily; slower metabolism.