WEEK 2 GEE 1: GENDER AND SOCIETY

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, figures, and terms from Week 2 notes on gender and society.

Babaylan

Female spiritual leader/visionary and religious authority in pre-colonial Philippine societies.

Binukot

A young woman kept in seclusion and educated to memorize tribal history; regarded as a repository of the tribe’s culture.

Co-equal

Women were viewed as co-workers with men—in farming, welfare, and decision-making, with the right to voice opinions.

Barter system

Women acted as traders, managed the cash box, and were shrewd in business within the traditional economy.

Colonial period

Spanish era during which women were relegated to domestic roles (kitchen, bed, church) and faced restricted education.

Suffrage

The right to vote; gained by women during periods of nationalism and reform.

The Beauty Myth

The social construction of beauty shaped by media and culture, often tied to conformity and value; includes pervasive use of cosmetics and advertising.

The Male Gaze

The idea that women are primarily viewed as objects by male observers, influencing relationships and self-perception.

34-24-34

A referenced body-measure standard historically tied to beauty ideals and advertising.

New Man

A modern masculine ideal reflecting changing gender norms and expectations in society.

New Woman

A modern, empowered woman seeking equality and independence beyond traditional roles.

First Wave Feminism

Early feminist movement focused on securing women’s suffrage and legal equality.

Radical Feminism

Post–World War II feminist current that emphasizes distinct female experiences and critiques gender-based oppression.

Intersectionality

Analytical framework that examines how overlapping systems of oppression (e.g., gender, race, class) affect individuals.

Intersectional Feminism

Feminist approach that accounts for multiple, intersecting identities and forms of inequality.

Gender Functionalism

The view that gender roles exist to fulfill social functions across institutions and activities.

Glass Ceiling

An invisible, systemic barrier that prevents women from advancing to top leadership positions.

Resource control

Questions of who controls resources, pay disparities, and how masculinity is linked to economic power.

CEDAW

The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women; signatories commit to legislate and take measures to ensure women’s rights.

Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA)

1995 blueprint for advancing women’s status with strategic objectives on poverty, economy, power, institutions, and data.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Global development goals (2000–2015) including targets related to gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Global development goals (2015 onward) with gender equality as a central, cross-cutting target.

1987 Philippine Constitution

The Philippine constitution guaranteeing equal protection and fundamental rights for all citizens, including women.

Republic Act 7192 (Women in Development and Nation Building Act)

Philippine law promoting women’s rights and participation in development and governance.

EO 348 (Philippine Development Plan for Women)

Executive Order establishing a development plan focused on women’s needs and empowerment.

Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development (1995-2025)

National framework outlining gender-responsive policies and programs for development.

Man and Woman (Victor Hugo)

Poem/metaphor contrasting gendered ideals: the man as brain and the woman as heart, highlighting stereotyped strengths.

Man is the brain; Woman’s heart

A line from Hugo’s portrayal of gender differences: reason and emotion as male/female strengths.

Man is a Temple; The Woman is the Tabernacle

Hugo’s metaphor contrasting public (temple) and private/religious (tabernacle) spaces for men and women.

1 Timothy 2:9-10

Biblical passage urging modest apparel and proper conduct for women.