Lab Quiz #3

Diffusion

“To spread out”. It is the net movement of a substance down a concentration gradient—from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Rate of diffusion

How fast molecules move down a concentration gradient

Kinetic energy

Energy due to motion. Increasing temperature of a molecule will increase the speed of its random movements.

Copper vessel

Coldest object on earth, cooled down to -459.659 F

Concentration

Amount of solute particles dissolved in a given amount of solution

Solute

The minor component of the solution that is dissolved by the solvent

Solvent

The major component of the solution that dissolves the solute

Sugar

Solute

Water

Solvent

Kool Aid

Solution

Concentration of solution

Amount of solute(sugar) / amount of solvent(water)

Molar (M)

Moles / liter

The larger the difference in concentration

The faster molecules will diffuse

Molecular weight

The weight of a molecule. Think of yourself swimming in water or jello. Agar is a jello-like subastance obtained in algae sugars. Dye will diffuse slower in agar compared to water.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water of a water molecule in a solution across a semipermeable membrane

Semipermeable membrane

Barrier that allows some molecules to pass through, and prevents other molecules from passing through

Lower M (2)

Higher concentration than (5)

Semipermeable membrane

H2O passes, charged ions can not (Na+, CL-)

Osmotic force

Pushing the water from left compartment to the right compartment.

Tonicity

Relative solute concentrations inside and outside of a cell. Determine if water will tend to diffuse into a cell, out of a cell, or have no net movement in either direction

Hypertonic solution

Concentration of solutes in the extracellular solution is higher than the solute concentration inside of the cell. Water would move out of your blood cells. The cells would shrivel up and get smaller.

Hypotonic solution

Concentration of solutes in the extracellular solution is lower than the solute concentration inside of the cell. Water moves into blood cells in this situation. The cells will swell with water and may burst like an over-inflated water balloon.

Isotonic solution

Concentration of solutes in the extracellular solution is equal to the solute concentration inside of the cell. There is no net movement of water, although water is still moving into and out of the cell. This is the ideal situation. The Na+CL- concentration of blood is 0.154 M. Please consider this when injecting fluids into someone’s blood stream.

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase