Antibiotics MOA's

Beta-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporin, Carbapenems) MOA

Bind to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which prevents the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls

• includes Aztreonam despite being a monobactam

Aminoglycosides MOA

Binds to 30S ribosome which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis, resulting in a defective cell membrane

Quinolones MOA

Inhibit bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) = prevents supercoiling of DNA and promotes breakage of double stranded DNA

Macrolids MOA

Binds to 50S ribosome which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis, resulting in a defective cell membrane

Tetracyclines MOA

Binds to 30S ribosome which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis, resulting in a defective cell membrane

Sulfonamides MOA

Sulfamethaxole inhibits dihydrofolic acid formation that interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis

Trimethoprim inhibits the conversion of dihydofolic acid to tetrahydrofolate

Both contribute to inhibition of the folic acid pathway

Vancomycin MOA

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine cell wall precursor and blocks peptidoglycan polymerization

Lipoglycopeptides MOA

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine cell wall precursor and blocks peptidoglycan polymerization

Changing cell permeability and membrane potential due to lipophilic side chain

Daptomycin MOA

Binds to cell membrane and causes rapid depolarization, inhibits all intracellular replication processes which causes cell death

Oxazolidinones MOA

Binds to 50S ribosome subunit that inhibits translation and protein synthesis

Polymixins MOA

Act as cationic detergents and damage the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, causing a leakage of intracellular substances and cell deathm

Metronidazole MOA

Destroys the helical DNA structure and causes strand breakdown resulting in protein synthesis inhibition

Nitrofurantoin MOA

Inhibits bacterial cell wall, DNA, RNA, and protein syntheis