Animal Diversity II - Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key concepts from the Animal Diversity II lecture, including body plans, organ systems, major phyla, and evolutionary adaptations.

Sessile

Living attached to substrate

Planktonic

Drifting/weak swimming

Bilateral animals

Animals with a central nervous system and oriented active movement.

Radula

Tongue-like structure with rows of teeth (absent in bivalves).

Nephridia

Filters waste from coelomic fluid and empties into mantle.

Trochophore larva stage

Free swimming, developed from a fertilised ciliated.

Gastropoda

Stomach-footed molluscs; Most diverse class; Torsion during development.

Bivalvia

Two-part hinged shell; Filter feeders, no radula.

Cephalopoda

Head-footed mollusc with a closed circulatory system, highly developed nervous system, and tentacles for jet propulsion.

Head-foot, visceral mass, mantle

What are the three major body regions in molluscs?

Arthropoda

What is the largest phylum in Animalia?

Ecdysis

Exoskeleton made of chitin – molted during growth.

Segments grouped for specialised functions

What is Tagmatization?

Open circulatory system

Hemolymph flows into sinuses.

Incomplete metamorphosis

Egg to nymph to adult.

Complete metamorphosis

Egg to larva to pupa to adult.

Chelicerata

2 body parts: cephalothorax and abdomen; No antennae.

Crustacea

Aquatic: crabs, shrimp, lobsters, daphnia, barnacles; 2 pairs of antennae, compound eyes.

Chilopoda

Centipedes: 1 pair of legs per segment, predators, venomous.

Diplopoda

Millipedes: 2 pairs of legs per segment, herbivores, slow-moving

Hexapoda

3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs, usually 2 pairs of wings (on thorax).

Hexapoda

Identified insects: >1,000,000 species.

Trilobitomorpha

Extinct marine arthropods with three-lobed body plan.

Cambrian Explosion

A major event in animal evolution (~535–525 million years ago) - sudden appearance of many new animal body plans

Echinodermata

First animal with endoskeleton (made of calcareous plates -ossicles).

Pentaradial symmetry

5-part body plan in adults

Madreporite

Entry point for seawater in echinoderms

Water Vascular System

A special water-based system found only in echinoderms

Chordata

Which phylum is grouped with echinoderms due to their shared development?

Chordata

A clade that exhibits the characteristic of having a notochord at some point in their life cycle

Notochord

Flexible rod for support.

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Forms brain & spinal cord

Pharyngeal slits

Gill or throat openings.

Post-anal tail

Tail extends beyond anus

Endostyle

Becomes thyroid gland in vertebrates

Urochordata

Tunicates (sea squirts)

Cephalochordata

Lancelets (Amphioxus)

Vertebrata

Have backbone & complex organ systems

Agnatha

Jawless fish (e.g., lampreys)

Chondrichthyes

Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays)

Osteichthyes

Bony fish (tilapia, salmon)

Amphibia

Frogs, toads, salamanders

Reptilia

Snakes, lizards, turtles

Aves

Birds

Mammalia

Humans, dogs, whales

Osteichthyes

Which class of fish has a bony skeleton and a swim bladder for buoyancy?

Amphibians

Class that has moist skin and lays eggs in water to undergo metamorphosis.

Reptiles

Dry, scaly skin and amniotic eggs with protective shells.

Flight and insulation

What is the importance of feathers in birds?

Mammals

Have hair or fur, mammary glands for milk, and give live birth (except monotremes).

Notochord, Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, Post-Anal tail, Endostyle

What are the 5 key features of chordates?