Biotechnology BMS 110 Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Biotechnology BMS 110 lecture notes, aiding in understanding essential topics in biotechnology and genetics.

Chromosome

Thread-like structures located within the nucleus of animal and plant cells, made of proteins and DNA.

Microdeletion/Microduplication

Genetic variations where a small segment of DNA is either missing (deletion) or present in multiple copies (duplication).

Research Organisms

Organisms used in studies to understand biological processes and diseases, often sharing genetic similarities with humans.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique for separating DNA fragments based on size using an agarose gel.

Karyotypes

The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, used to study chromosomal abnormalities.

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

A laboratory technique used to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on a chromosome.

Bioinformatics

An interdisciplinary field that uses computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data.

Homologous Structures

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

Analogous Structures

Structures in different species that serve similar functions but evolved independently from different ancestors.