Honors: Periodic Table & Bonding

Period

Another name for horizontal row on the periodic table

Group

Another name for a column on the periodic table

Octet rule

A rule that shows that an atom is rendered unreactive due to its full valence shell

Ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Electron affinity

the attraction of an atom for an electron

Electronegativity

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when bonded to another atom

Metal

These elements lose electrons and become positive ions

Metal

These elements are hard & shiny

Metal

These elements can conduct heat and electricity

Metal

These elements are malleable and ductile

Metal

These elements are to the left of the stair step on the periodic table

Metal

These elements have only a few electrons in their outer level (valence shell)

Non-metal

These elements are gases or brittle solids at room temperature

Non-metal

These elements are dull and insulators

Non-metal

These elements are to the right of the stair step on the periodic table

Non-metal

These elements have more electrons in their outer level (valence shell)

Non-metal

These elements gain electrons to become negative ions or can share their valence electrons

Metalloid

These elements are also called semi metals

Metalloid

These are elements right along the stair step on the periodic table, except Aluminum

Metalloid

These elements share characteristics of both metals and non-metals

Atomic radius

This represents (measures) the size of an atom

Malleable

The ability to be pounded into a flat sheet

Ductile

The ability to be drawn into a thin wire

Ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Ionic bond

Type of bond with electronegativity greater than 1.7

Ionic bond

A bond formed between metals and non-metals

Ionic bond

A bond that forms ionic compounds

Ionic bond

A bond with a very high melting/boiling point

Ionic bond

A bond that appears as a crystalline solid (salt)

Ionic bond

A bond with the ability to conduct an electric current when molten (melted) or dissolved (aqueous) in solution

Covalent bond

Type of bond with electronegativity less than 1.7

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

Covalent bond

A bond between two non-metals (can include hydrogen as well)

Covalent bond

Type of bond that forms molecules

Covalent bond

A bond with low to medium melting/boiling point

Covalent bond

A bond that will not produce an electric current in any form

Covalent bond

A bond that appears as a solid, liquid, or gas

Polar covalent

Type of bond with an electronegativity between 0.4-1.7

Polar covalent

A type of bond that shares electrons unequally

Polar covalent

A type of bond that contains a dipole (a molecule in which one end is slightly positive and the other end is slightly negative)

Non-polar covalent

A type of bond with an electronegativity between 0-0.4

Non-polar covalent

Type of bond that shares electrons equally

Polar covalent

Type of bond that is bent and asymmetrical

Non-polar covalent

Type of bond that is symmetrical

Surfactant

A compound that contains a polar covalent and non-polar covalent end

Surfactant

A compound that allows polar covalent and non-polar covalent substances to mix

Saturated fat

A fat that contains all single bonded carbon atoms

Unsaturated fat

A fat that has at least one double bonded carbon

Valence electron

"s" and "p" electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Molecules

Covalent bonds form these

Metallic bond

a bond formed between metals

Metallic bond

A type of bond that will conduct an electric current in the solid or molten (melted) state

Metallic bond

A type of bond that is malleable and ductile

Family

Another name for a column on the periodic table

Metallic bond

these bonds are described as metal ions "floating in a sea of electrons" (group sharing)

Network solid bond

a covalent bond that occurs with non-metals/metalloids mainly in group IV

Network solid bond

a bond that produces macromolecules (visible to the naked eye)

Network solid bond

a bond that has extremely high melting and boiling points

Network solid bond

a bond, unlike other covalent bonds, which are insoluble in polar covalent and non-polar covalent solvents

Alkali Metals

The elements in Group 1A of the periodic table (not including hydrogen)

Alkali Metals

A family of elements that are silvery in appearance, very soft, and never found alone in nature due to their reactivity with water.

Alkaline Earth Metals

The elements in group 2A of the periodic table

Transition Metals

Elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table

Transition Metals

Elements to the left of the stair step on the periodic table that can be found free/alone in nature

Boron Group

Elements in group 3A (13) on the periodic table

Carbon Group

Elements in group 4A (14) on the periodic table

Nitrogen Group

Elements in group 5A (15) on the periodic table

Oxygen Group

Elements in group 6A (16) on the periodic table

Halogens

Elements in group 7A (17) on the periodic table

Halogens

A family of elements that are the most reactive non-metals and have elements in all 3 states of matter (solid, liquid, & gas)

Noble Gases

Elements in group 8A (18) on the periodic table

Noble Gases

A family of elements that are colorless, odorless, fluoresce and conduct electricity.

Noble Gases

A family of elements that are chemically unreactive due to their full valence shell.

Ionic Radius

This represents (measures) the size of an ion

Alkaline Earth Metals

A family of elements that are harder, denser, stronger and less reactive than alkali metals. They are never found as free elements in nature.