Untitled Flashcards Set

Calcaneus

The heel bone; the largest bone in the foot.

Talus

The bone that sits above the calcaneus and forms the ankle joint.

Navicular

A bone located in the midfoot, between the talus and the cuneiforms.

Cuboid

A cube-shaped bone in the foot, located on the lateral side.

Cuneiforms

Three bones (medial, intermediate, lateral) located in the midfoot.

Phalanges

The bones of the toes; includes proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.

Rearfoot

The back section of the foot, including the calcaneus and talus.

Midfoot

The central part of the foot, including the navicular and cuneiform bones.

Forefoot

The front part of the foot, including the metatarsals and phalanges.

Medial malleolus

The bony prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the tibia.

Lateral malleolus

The bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the fibula.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot that flexes the foot upwards.

Plantar flexion

Movement of the foot that points the toes downwards.

Hallux

The big toe, which has 2 phalanges.

Deltoid ligament

A strong ligament that provides medial stability to the ankle.

Pes cavus

High arched feet that limit shock absorbency.

Pes planus

Flat foot condition where the talus drops, leading to pronation.

Tibialis anterior

The primary muscle responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.

Gastrocnemius

A calf muscle responsible for plantar flexion and knee flexion.

Flexible hallux

Term used to describe movements involving the big toe.

Tibial torsion

A condition where feet can turnout further than the knees due to excessive torsion.

Stirrup muscles

Muscles (Tibialis anterior, Peroneus longus, Tibialis posterior) that maintain arch stability.

Pronation

A condition where the head of the first metatarsal falls lateral to a specific line.

Supination

A condition where the head of the first metatarsal is medial to a specific line.

Acromioclavicular joint

The joint formed between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.

Glenohumeral joint

The shoulder joint that allows for a wide range of arm movements.

Rotator cuff

A group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint.

Serratus anterior

A muscle that aids in scapular abduction, upward rotation, and depression.

Biceps brachii

A muscle of the upper arm responsible for elbow flexion and forearm supination.

Triceps brachii

A muscle responsible for elbow extension and shoulder extension.

Pollex

The thumb, which has two phalanges.

Radiocarpal joint

The wrist joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.