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The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
cruciate ligaments
What joints are freely moveable
Synovial joints are freely movable
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
supination
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
flexion; extension
Which of the following describes a meniscus?
Fibrous cartilage pads
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are
gliding movements.
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
A synarthrotic joint would have what mobility
low mobility and high stability.
Synarthrotic joints moveable or immoveable
are immovable joints
Gliding movements occur where?
intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
The sagittal suture is a(n)
fibrous joint
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
abduction and adduction
Define a synchondrose
cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?
Fibrocartilage
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
Supination and extension
Gomphoses are only found in
tooth sockets
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name?
Glenohumeral joint - elbow
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
multiaxial
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
The metacarpophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as ________ joints.
condylar
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?
syndesmosis
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a ____ joint, functionally it is a ________
fibrous; amphiarthrosis
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called
abduction
Synovial fluid is
an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane
Pointing the toes is an example of
plantar flexion
Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling?
rheumatoid arthritis
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
syndesmosis
All synovial joints are freely movable T/F
True
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
Supination and extension
The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the no shaking of the head is a _______ joint
pivot
Fluid filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
bursae
Which of the following best describes angular movements
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as a cushion in places where friction develops are called ___
bursae
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is/are damaged as a result?
tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament
Fibrous joints are classified as
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
What part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
The three bones that make up each of the ox coxae are the ilium, pubis, and
ischium
When dribbling a basketball the radius is crossed over the ulna in the forearm. In this case, the forearm is
pronated
The biceps brachii muscle attaches to the ______ of the radius
radial tuberosity
There are ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, ______ lumbar
7, 12, 5
Which cranial fossa supports the cerebellum.
Posterior
Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity towards the end of the pregnancy
lordosis
The sella turcica is apart of the __ bone and houses the ________ gland.__
sphenoid; pituitary
Which curves of the vertebral column are present at birth
thoracic and sacral
The ___ provide passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body
intervertebral foramina
What is the major function of the axial skeleton
provides central support for the body and protects internal organs
The vertebral processes that are more easily palpated along the midline of the back
spinous process
WHich of the following bones is not weight bearing
fibula
Which bone is not apart of the axial skeleton
clavicle
The _____ process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone
condylar
In anatomic position the radius lies ____ to the ulna
lateral
Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region
scoliosis
The head of the humerus articulates with the
glenoid cavity
Which bones comprise each pectoral gridle
clavicle and scapula
The hyoid bone is unique because it ______
doesn’t articulate with any other bone
The ____ suture is the articulation between the occipital bone and both parietal bones
lambdoidal suture
Which of the spinal curves form when a child is about 12 months of age
Lumbar
Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek
zygomatic bone
The occipital condyles articulate with the
atlas
Parathyroid hormone stimulates _______ to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
osteoclasts
Compact bone is composed of tubular units called ______.
osteons
The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as
resorption
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
diaphysis
The process of bones increasing in thickness is
appositional growth
Intramembranous ossification produces the
flat bones of the skull
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
calcium, phosphate, and lipids
What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?
increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth
In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is
hyaline cartilage
Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates secretion, which leads to
parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as
long bones
Calcitonin ___ osteoclast activity, which willl ___ blood calcium levels
inhibits, increase
The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of
blood vessels and nerve fibers
For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
osteoclasts
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
red bone marrow
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ______
interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Osteoid is the ____ part of the bone matrix that gives it its ________
organic, rigidity
Which of the following is a bone marking described as a round or oval opening through a bone?
foramen
When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has
a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments
Bowing to your opponent before a jiu-jitsu match would be considered a ____ movement
Flexion
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
diarthrotic
Functionally a gomphosis is categorized as a
synarthrosis
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