Introduction to Bacteriology and Prokaryotic Cells

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24 Terms

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Prokaryotic cells

Cells without a nucleus, smaller than eukaryotic cells.

<p>Cells without a nucleus, smaller than eukaryotic cells.</p>
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Binary fission

Asexual reproduction method for bacteria, involves cell division.

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Generation time

Time taken for bacterial population to double.

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Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell wall.

<p>Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell wall.</p>
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Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria with thin peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide layer.

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Peptidoglycan

Polymer forming bacterial cell walls, consists of NAM and NAG.

<p>Polymer forming bacterial cell walls, consists of NAM and NAG.</p>
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Pili

Hair-like structures aiding attachment and genetic transfer.

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Flagella

Tail-like structure for bacterial motility.

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Glycocalyces

Mucus layers aiding biofilm formation and protection.

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Plasmids

Small DNA molecules providing genetic advantages, including resistance.

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Endospore

Dormant, resistant structure formed under harsh conditions.

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Inclusion bodies

Storage granules for nutrients like carbon and phosphorus.

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70s ribosomes

Ribosomes found in prokaryotes, smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.

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Lipid A

Component of LPS, can cause septic shock when released.

<p>Component of LPS, can cause septic shock when released.</p>
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Selective drug toxicity

Targeting bacterial structures without harming human cells.

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Exponential phase

Growth phase where bacteria double at a constant rate.

<p>Growth phase where bacteria double at a constant rate.</p>
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Stationary phase

Growth phase with limited nutrients and toxic accumulation.

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Lag phase

Initial phase of bacterial growth, adaptation period.

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Mean generation time formula

g = t / (log(Nt) - log(N0)),

<p>g = t / (log(Nt) - log(N0)),</p>
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Antibiotic resistance

Ability of bacteria to survive despite antibiotic treatment.

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Sepsis

Severe response to infection, often caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

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Bacteriostatic drugs

Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth without killing.

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Cell wall biosynthesis

Target for antibiotics, crucial for bacterial survival.

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Antibiotic classes

Groups of drugs targeting specific bacterial functions.