Milady Ch. 10

Beau's lines

visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.

Bruised nails

condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.

Discolored nails

Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder or poor blood circulation.

Eggshell nails

Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.

Hangnail

also known as 'agnail'; a condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.

leukonychia

also known as 'white spots'; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies,

melanonychia

darkening of the fingernail and toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate , extending from the base to the free edge.

nail disorder

condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.

nail psoriasis

a noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.

nail pterygium

abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.

onychia

inflammation of the nail matrix, followed by shedding of the natural nail.

onychocryptosis

also known as 'ingrown nails'; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail.

onycholysis

lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.

onychomadesis

the separatin and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.

onychomycosis

fungal infection of the natural nail plate.

onychophagy

also known as 'bitten nail'; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.

onychorrhexis

split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.

onychosis

any deformity or disease of the natural nails.

paronychia

bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail causing pus, swelling, and redness, usually in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate.

pincer nail

also known as 'trumpet nail'; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.

plicatured nail

also known as 'folded nail'; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

one of several common bacteria that can cause nail infection.

ridges

vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.

splinter hemorrhages

hemorrhages caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damage the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.

tinea pedis

medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.

Nail service should NOT be performed if:

nail or skin is infected, inflamed, broken or swollen.

fungi infections

prefer growth in conditions where the skin is warm, moist and dark.

reexamine cleaning, disinfection, preparation, and application techniques.

If you repeatedly encounter nail infections on your clients' nails.

nail infection

if developed by a client, a cosmetologist can NOT offer treatment advice.

Disinfect and clean by State Board guidelines

most effective way to avoid transferring infections among clients.

Avoids nail infections from transferring

disinfect all metal and reusable implements, throw-away single-use nail files, wash linens or replace with disposable towels, thoroughly clean and disinfect the table surface before and after the procedure.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

bacteria that cause discolorations of the nail plate which were incorrectly referred to as molds, but are actually bacterial nail infections, or Staphylococcus aureus; naturally occurring and grow rapidly.

bacteria

more likely the cause of infection on the hand; implement surfaces' can be contaminated with large numbers of these.

medical condition or disorder

Cosmetologists may help a client with a nail disorder either by referring them to a physician or cosmetically improving certain nail plate conditions, as long as these conditions are NOT a

bruised nail

discolorations caused by small injuries to the nail bed.

eggshell nails

result of improper diet, hereditary factors, internal disease or medication.

Beau's lines

result from major illness or injury that has traumatized the body (i.e pneumonia, surgery, heart failure, ...) where the matrix slows down in producing nail cells for an extended period of time.

hang nails

dry skin or small cuts can result in

legally liable

It is against state board regulations to intentionally cut or tear the client's living skin and salon may be

leukonychia spots

NOT a disease; usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix; NOT as myth states by deficiency of zinc or calcium.

melanonychia

localized area of increased pigment cells is responsible for this condition.

discolored nails

commonly caused by surface staining from polish or smoking, systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation, but may be a result of internal factors as biological, medical or pharmaceutical.

onychophagy

can be overcome with frequent manicures and care of the nails.

onychorrhexis

caused by injury to the nail matrix, excessive use of chemical removers, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques or heredity.

plicatured nails

caused by injury to the nail matrix, but may be inherited; often leads to ingrown nails.

nail pterygium

caused by serious injury such as burns, or severe adverse reaction to chemical nail enhancement products that damage the eponychium or hyponychium.

ridges

caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.

splinter hemorrhages

blood from damaged capillaries oxidizes and turns brown or black; always positioned lengthwise; usually associated with some type of hard impact or other physical trauma.

fungi

parasites that may cause infections of the feet and hand; contagious; transmittable through contaminated implements.

early stage bacterial infection

identified as a yellow-green spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages (yellow to green to brown to black).

Professional products

used according to manufacture's instructions or warnings to ensure they are being used correctly and safely.