Islamic Art and Architecture Short Answers

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to Islamic art and architecture, such as historical context, architectural components, decorative arts, and themes that are significant in the Islamic tradition.

Five Pillars of Islam

The foundation of Muslim life: declaration of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Ottoman Empire

One of the three major empires that dominated the Islamic world from 1517 to 1924.

Muqarnas

A decorative, stalactite-like vaulting used in Islamic architecture to transition between surfaces.

Iwan

A vaulted hall or space opening onto a courtyard, used for ceremonial or educational purposes, influenced by Persian architecture.

Hypostyle mosque layout

A layout with rows of columns supporting a flat roof, allowing for flexible expansion and influenced by Roman basilicas.

Cuerda seca technique

A method of painting tile designs using grease-soaked cords to separate colors during firing, allowing complex compositions.

Calligraphy

The highest form of Islamic art, used to transmit the sacred words of the Quran and significant due to the prohibition of figurative imagery.

Arabesques

Stylized floral and vegetal motifs in Islamic decoration symbolizing the beauty of divine creation and the infinite nature of the universe.

Geometric patterns

Patterns that symbolize divine unity, infinity, and cosmic order, and encourage contemplation beyond decoration.

Glazed ceramics

Decorative elements used in Islamic art, particularly in Al-Andalus, to create vibrant and richly patterned surfaces.