A&P 2 Exam 5 Stephens

The stage of development in which the embryo is a hollow ball of cells is the:

blastula

Successively smalAaaaaaaaaaaaaaaler cells are produced during what developmental process?

Cleavage

The inner layer of cells in the gastrula is the

Endoderm

What is incision of tissue between the vulva and anus?

Episiotomy

What is loss of fetus before week 20 of pregnancy?

Miscarriage

What is extraction of amniotic fluid for fetal testing?

Amniocentesis

What is implantation of fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity?

Epitopic pregnancy

The blastula changes into a three-layered structure during what process?

Gastrulation

The developing human embryo is almost human-looking by the end of this week, and is

subsequently referred to as a fetus

8 weeks

What does the fertilization membrane do?

the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional

spermatozoon

Arrange the stages of spermatogenesis in sequential order

Spermatogonium -> Primary spermatocyte -> Secondary spermatocyte -> Spermatids -> Sperm

The development of an organ is called

organogenesis

What is the function of the amnion?

A fluid sac that cushions the embryo

What is a single fertilized egg?

Zygote

Which follicle ovulates?

Graafian Follicle

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

Aldosterone

Gastrulation produces what?

3 germ layers: 1. Ectoderm

2. Endoderm

3. Mesoderm

What is the site of sperm production

Seminiferous tubules

What is the purpose of the thin, milky alkaline fluid secreted by the prostate gland?

Buffer the acidity of the vagina

The spermatozoa are stored and matured in the:

Epididymis

The tough white, fibrous capsule around the testis?

Tunica Albuginea

The female organ that is homologous to the male penis is the

Clitoris

These cells produce testosterone

interstitial cells; Leydig cells

The male organ composed of erectile tissue is the

Penis

The finger-like structures that guide the eggs into the oviduct

fimbriae

The structures which secretes fluid rich in fructose, amino acids and mucus into the semen i called:

seminal vesicles

organ or system formed in the Ectoderm (outter layer)

Skin, nervous system

organ or system formed in the Mesoderm (middle layer)

Gonad

organ or system formed in the Endoderm (inner layer)

liver, kidney

Indicate the correct order of structures through which sperm pass in the male reproductive system

1)seminiferous tubule

2)rete testis

3)epididymis

4)vas deferens

4)seminal vesicle

5)ejaculatory duct

6)prostate urethra

7)membranous urethra

8)pineal urethra

9)outside or inside vaginal cavity

After ovulation, the follicular cells develop into a body called the _____ which secretes progesterone

Corpus Luteum

Labia minora refeers to

Smaller inner folds of the vulva

The lining of the uterus that is shed cyclically if fertilization does not occur is the

endometrium

The external pouch of the skin and smooth muscle in which testes are suspended is the

spermatic cord

What pituitary gland hormones are responsible in regulating the human menstrual cycle

FSH, LH

Arrange the stages of oogenesis sequnetial order

• The germinal epithelial cells divide repeatedly until many diploid oogonia are formed.

• The oogonia grow to form primary oocytes that surrounded by a layer of follicle cells.

• The oocytes undergoes the first meiotic division to become a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.(haploid)

• The follicle cells surrounding the primary focille develop into the secondary follicle. -The follicle layer of the secondary oocyte thickens and folds to form the Graafian follicle . -When the Graafian follicle become matures,it will move towards the surface of the ovary wall and rupture to release the secondary oocyte(n).

• The secondary oocytes that has complete meiosis II when it is fertilized by a sperm(n).The final product of meiosis II is the ovum and the seond polar body.

Failure of one or both testis from descending into scrotal sac is called

cryptochidism

Chemicals capable of causing fetal malformations

teratogens

- arrange in order the following events from fertilization to the formation of the 3 germ layers -

1. Enzymes released by the sperm break down the coating of the egg

2. Penetration of egg by sperm 2

3. Cleavage occurs as fertilized egg moves down the oviduct 3

4. Blastula implants in the wall of the uterus 4

5. Gastrulation occurs with differentiation and growth 5

46. How many seminiferous tubules are found in a lobe?

1-3

this tubule carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (seminal vesicle)

Ductus Deferrens

_________ hormone secreted by the ________ controls the ovarian and uterine cycles.

Gnrh, Hypothalamus

How much of total body fluid is intracellular fluid?

2/6 or 66.6%

Condition where blood pH is below 7.35?

ACIDOSIS

80 % of extra cellular fluid is?

Interstitial fluid

What is the most abundant component of the body?

water

53. What do you call extracellular solution in the intravascular compartment?

plasma

What is milliequivalent?

One thousandth (10−3) of a chemical equivalent. Centrations of electrolytes are often expressed as milliequivalents per liter, which is an expression of the chemical combining power of the electrolyte in a fluid.

Define zygote?

It is a fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). . The one cell that is formed when the cell accepts the sperm cell

Define: Metabolic acidosis

Occurs when non respiratory acid accumulates as seen in diabetic ketoacidosis or aspirin overdose

Define; Respiratory acidosis:

Occurs when CO2 accumulates as a result of hypoventilation

What is an ovarian follicle?

An ovarian follicle is a round cellular structure found in the ovaries that contains an egg, or oocyte, which matures inside the follicle and is eventually released during ovulation. It also secretes hormones that influence stages of the ovarian cycle

Metabolic alkalosis:

Occurs when non respiratory acid are lost which does not happen frequently

Respiratory alkalosis:

occurs when too much CO2 is lost due to hyperventilation

What is homologous chromosomes?

Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location. The position of the genes on each homologous chromosome is the same, however the genes may contain different alleles

Define the endometrium?

The endometrium is the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the uterus (womb). The endometrium changes throughout the menstrual cycle. It becomes thick and rich with blood vessels to prepare for pregnancy. If the woman does not get pregnant, part of the endometrium is shed, causing menstrual bleeding.

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