Tissues part 2

Examples of CT

CT proper, cartilage, bone, blood (+everything under)

What connective tissue structural elements make up the extracellular matrix?

ground substance and fibers

what are the 3 main components of connective tissue?

ground substance, fibers, cells

what are the 3 types of CT fibers?

collagen, elastic, reticular

collagen

high tensile strength protein

elastic fibers

long, thin, stretch and recoil

reticular (fibers)

short, fine, highly branched

What are “Blast” cells?

Immature form of cell that secretes ECM fibers

what are the 3 types of “blast” cells

osteoblast, chondroblasts, fibroblasts

where are fibroblasts found

CT proper

where are chondroblasts found?

cartilage

where are osteoblasts found?

in the bone

“Cyte” cells

Mature, less active form of “blast” cell

main functions of CT

binding and support, protecting, insulating, storing, transport

fat cells do what

store nutrients

what are the 4 main classes of Connective Tissue

CT proper, cartilage, bone, blood

connective tissue proper consist of…

all CT except bone, cartilage, and blood

what are the 2 subclasses of CT proper

loose and dense

what goes under loose CT (proper)

areolar, adipose, reticular

what goes under dense CT (proper)

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

types of cells in CT besides “blast” and “cyte” cells

fat, white blood cells, mast cells, macrophages

What type of cells will you see in areolar connective tissue?

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast + fat cells

what is this

areolar CT

what does ground substance look like under a microscope?

white space

what is the most widely distributed connective tissue in the body

areolar CT

location of areolar CT

between muscles; beneath epithelial tissues

Which CT contains white and brown fat?

areolar CT

fat cells in CT are also called what

adipocytes

what is the role of white adipocytes (fat cells)

to function in shock absorption, insulation, and energy storage

what is the role of brown adipocytes (fat cells)

to use lipid fuels to heat bloodstream

what should you look for in adipose CT?

bubbles w/ alot of white space

what is this?

adipose CT

what should you look for in areolar CT?

threads, fibers

function of adipose CT

energy storage, insulation, protection

reticular cells are a type of _____

fibroblast cell

reticular CT secretes ______which acts as a support for…..

reticular fibers; blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

locations of adipose CT

around kidneys, eyeballs, breasts

what is this?

reticular CT

what should you look for in reticular CT?

branches, cherry blossom tree

function of reticular CT

forms a stroma that supports other cell types

reticular CT location

lymphoid organs

What type of loose connective tissue would you find macrophages?

Areolar CT and Reticular CT

what are the 3 dense CT proper

dense regular+ irregular, elastic

dense regular CT

high tensile strength

examples of dense regular CT

tendons and ligaments

what is this

dense regular CT

what to look for in dense regular CT?

wavy-ish fur looking

what is this

dense irregular CT

what should you look for in dense irregular CT

swirly, marble

location of dense irregular CT

fibrous capsules(joint)

location of elastic CT proper

large arteries

what to look for in elastic CT proper?

wavy crinkles

what is this?

Elastic CT

cartilage is avascular, so it….

receives nutrients from membrane surrounding it (perichondrium)

cartilage

firm flexible CT secreted from chondroblasts and chondrocytes

what is the most abundant cartilage

hyaline

3 types of cartilage

fibrocartilage, elastic, and hyaline

locations of hyaline cartilage?

end of long bones, cartilage of ribs

location of elastic cartilage

ears

fibrocartilage

strong thick collagen fibers

what is this

hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage function

support and cushion

what is this??

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage function

maintain shape

what is this?

fibrocartilage

fibrocartilage function

absorb compressive shock

locations of fibrocartilage

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

bone is also called

osseous tissue

what can you find in bone?

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteons, hematopoietic stem cells, inorganic salts, collagen

what is this?

bone (osseous tissue)

what to look for in bone?

wood, tree rings

bone fucntion

supports and protects

muscle tissue and bone is highly _____while cartilage is____

vascularized; avascular

what makes up myofilaments?

actin and myosin which allow for contraction

where is myofilament found?

muscle cells

3 types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

the cells in skeletal muscle are called….

muscle fibers

skeletal muscle is

voluntary

banded/striated

striped

which of the 3 muscle types are striated?

cardiac and skeletal

what to look for in skeletal muscle?

obvious stripes, nuclei inbetween rows

what is this?

skeletal muscle

__________ are special joints where cardiac cells are joined

intercalated discs

where are intercalated discs found?

in cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac and smooth muscle are both..

involuntary

which muscle is found in walls of heart

cardiac

what to look for in cardiac muscle?

intercalated discs; dark perpendicular dashes

what is this?

cardiac muscle

lacuna is associated with ____

all cartilage

where is smooth muscle tissue found

walls of hollow organs; intestines

what is this?

smooth muscle

what to look for in smooth muscle tissue?

has no “even stripes”, very oval nuclei

what is this?

nervous tissue

what are the dark stains?

neuroglia

what is circled in pink?

neuron

Nervous tissue is made up of two main specialized cell types:

neurons and neuroglia

neurons ____while neuroglia _____

communicate; support

what to look for in elastic cartilage

unsettling eyes

bone has good ____ and ___

blood supply; healing