PERSON PERCEPTION, ATTRIBUTIONS & STEREOTYPES

PERSON PERCEPTION, ATTRIBUTIONS & STEREOTYPES

Person Perception

Processing of forming impressions of others

Physical Cues

Visible features that affect impressions

Body Language

Nonverble communication through movement

Saliency Detection

Paying attention to noticeable features

Social Categorisation

Classifying people into groups

Attributions

Explanations for behaviour

Personal (Internal) Attributions

Explaining behaviour due to personal traits

Situational (External) Attributions

Explaining behaviour due to environment

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overestimating personal causes, underestimating situational ones

Actor-Observer Bias

Attributing others’ actions to personality but your own to situations

Self-Serving Bias

Attributing success to yourself and faliure to outside factors

Tri-Component Models of Attitudes

Attitudes have affective, behavioural, and cognitive parts

Affective Component

Emotional reaction to something

Behavioural Component

Actions toward an attitude object

Cognitive Component

Beliefs about something

Limitations of Tri-Component Model

Behaviour may not always match attitudes

Stereotypes

Generalised beliefs about groups

Helpful or Harmful Stereotypes

Stereotypes can simplify or mislead understanding

Stigma

Negative label or discrimination toward a group

Ingroups & Outgroups

Groups we belong to vs those we don’t