Blood and Adipose Tissues

Blood

Connective tissue containing cells, plasma, and protein fibers

Plasma

Fluid component of blood, 90% water, contains nutrients, waste, electrolytes, and proteins

Albumin

Protein in blood plasma that prevents water diffusion into tissues

Globulin

Protein in blood plasma that carries lipids, iron, copper, and antibodies

Fibrinogen

Protein in blood plasma involved in blood clot formation

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Leukocytes

White blood cells that fight disease and can multiply in the blood stream

Granulocytes

White blood cells with granules, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Neutrophil

Most common granulocyte, phagocytic, destroys bacteria in inflammatory response

Eosinophil

Granulocyte involved in ending allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Basophil

Rarest granulocyte, releases histamine and other chemicals for inflammation

Agranulocytes

White blood cells without granules, including lymphocytes and monocytes

Lymphocytes

White blood cells specialized in attacking specific foreign molecules

Monocytes

White blood cells that transform into macrophages in tissues

Platelets

Also called thrombocytes, release chemicals for blood clot formation

Hematopoiesis

Process of blood cell formation in bone marrow

Blood Types

Determined by markers on the surface of red blood cells

Polycythemia

Abnormal excess of red blood cells, caused by bone marrow cancer

Anemia

Abnormally low red blood cells or low hemoglobin

Sickle Cell Disease

Inherited abnormality of hemoglobin, causes crescent-shaped fragile red blood cells

Leukemia

Form of cancer causing increased production of white blood cells

Thrombocytopenia

Abnormally low platelet concentration, results in diminished clot formation

Adipocytes

Very active cells in adipose tissue involved in triglyceride storage and secretion of bioactive molecules

White Adipose Tissue

Stores triglycerides when food is consumed, secretes leptin

Brown Adipose Tissue

Involved in thermoregulation, produces heat instead of ATP

Hypertrophy

Increase in size of adipocytes due to excess triglyceride accumulation

Hyperplasia

Increase in number of adipocytes through proliferation and differentiation