Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about fluid and electrolytes.

What are electrolytes?

Minerals or salts dissolved in body fluid, also known as ions.

What charge do cations have?

Positive charge

What charge do anions have?

Negative charge.

Which populations are most affected by changes in fluid balance?

Infants and the elderly.

What is one major function of water in the body?

Facilitates transport of electrolytes.

What is the main source of water intake?

Water.

Besides urine, what are some other ways the body outputs water?

Sweating, feces, and breathing.

What are electrolytes composed of?

Minerals and salts dissolved in body fluid; ions.

What is the main function of sodium in the body?

Water regulation and balance.

What happens if you take in too much sodium?

Swelling.

What are the main functions of potassium in the body?

Heart rhythm, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction.

What can happen if potassium levels are too high or too low?

Cardiac arrest.

What are the main functions of calcium in the body?

Muscle activity, blood coagulation, and bone and teeth development.

What are the main functions of magnesium in the body?

Nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation.

What process does phosphate help with?

ATP production.

What is the normal range for sodium?

135-145

What are some examples of non-electrolytes?

Amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids.

What is the normal amount of blood in the body?

4-6 liters

What are the components of blood?

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.

Where is most of the water in our body located (intracellular or extracellular)?

Inside the cell.

What is extracellular fluid high in?

High in sodium content.

Where is transcellular fluid located?

Different cavities of your body (eyes, saliva).

What is the main organ responsible for fluid output?

Kidneys and bladder.

What part of the brain does the thirst signal come from?

Hypothalamus.

What hormone causes the body to retain fluid?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

What does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) do?

It helps get rid of water and protects from fluid overload.

What organ primarily affects fluid and electrolyte balance?

The kidneys.

What happens to electrolytes if you don't have enough fluid?

The electrolytes become more concentrated.

What happens to electrolytes if you have too much fluid?

The electrolytes are diluted.

Who is at risk for a fluid volume deficit?

People who can't take in enough fluid or have excessive loss of fluid.

What type of wounds can cause excessive fluid loss?

Burns.

Besides drinking, How do you treat dehydration?

IV Fluids

What is the big symptom of dehydration?

Thirst.

What will the urine look like if someone is dehydrated?

Concentrated and dark.

What are some skin-related symptoms of dehydration?

Dry, cracked lips; thick saliva; poor skin turgor.

What does hypervolemia mean?

Fluid volume excess.

What are the neurological changes when there is fluid volume excess?

Headaches, confusion, changes in the level of consciousness.

How does the pulse feel with dehydration?

Weak and thready.

If patient has too much fluids, what are some interventions?

Limiting fluids and electrolyte managements.

How does the pulse feel with overhydration?

Bound.

What test value give you electrolyte levels?

Complete Metabolic Panel

What are the main signs and symptoms of overhydration?

Weight gain, crackles in lungs, slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, and edema.

What should you monitor daily, to manage fluid intake and outake?

Daily weights.

If ptient has fluid deficit, what are some interventions?

Administer fluids and monitor the electrolyte values.

Besides supplements, what has potassium?

Banannas, apricot, avocado, cantaloupe, meats, orange juice, salmon, potatoes, milk

IV FluidsWhat hormone causes the body to retain fluid?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

What happens if the potassium levels are too high?

Cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, dysrhythmia

What are some electrolytes?

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate

What are some sources of water for the body?

Water, Food, Metabolism

What are some ways the body losses water?

Urinary System, Feces, Sweating, Breathing

Which major organ affects fluid an electrolyte imbalance?

Kidneys

What can the nurses diagnosis for dehydration be?

Fluid Volume Deficit/Excess

How does a dehydrate patient pulse typically present?

Thready, weak pulse

What is water regulation?

Water regulation

What does Calcium affect?

Muscle acitivity, coagulation of of blood, bones and teeth development

What does Magnesium affect?

Nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction and blood coagulation

What does Phasphate affect?

ATP production

What is another name for sugar?

Glucose

What are the spaces between the ribs in the lungs?

interstitial

What is an exracellular fluid?

Sodium

Transcellular fluid where is it?

Outside the cells

Which is the biggest place water comes out of the body?

Kidneys

What is the brain part?

Hypothalamus

Assessing eyes, nose and ears, what are interventions?

Limit fluids

Why is assessing daily weight important ?

See how much fluuid are retained

What is the minimal output for urine?

30mL

How does the body produce some water?

Metabolic reaction.

What videos play a real thing in the body?

Osmosis

What can set yourself up for not getting enough calcium?

Osteoporosis

How long can can the body survive without water?

Three days

What type of salt maintains out acid base balance?

Chloride

Where can you find intercellular?

vascular system.

What happens to kidneys when there is to much volume?

Hypervolemia.

Why does getting sick cause you to vomit liquid?

Electrolytes

What causes fluid imbalance?

Diarrhea, vomiting and sweating.

What is fluid loss?

Vomiting diarrhea and hemorraging

What happens when cells are dehydrated?

Cells shrivel up

When someone is severally dehydraed, what happens?

Shock

What will someone getting a fluid imbalance do ?

Electrolytes will cause electrolyte concentration

Why does shock have to be slow?

The electrolytes get dispersed

What are signs of dehydration?

Fatigue, dizziness and urine color change.

What are signs of dehydration?

Dizzieness, urine will smell bad and lips get chapped

What happens when skin turgur does not happen?

They stay tented up

What happens to pulses when dehydratated?

Increases and are weaker

Why do people get headaches when dehtdrated?

Dehydration

What volume introdoctutions affect water?

Tap water enemas or high volume enemas.

What happens when you Bolus introduce a hormone?

Bolus Introducitons affects the amount of hormone affects the introduction.

What does pulomary congestion mean?

They start to collect on lungs

Why are test important for assesment?

CMP complete metabolic panel

What are dieurtitcs?

A medication to help people pee out excess fluid

Are Bananas a potassium food?

Yes, bananas are high in postasisum

Evaluate a aptients and intake

Youre putting out more than you're taking in

What is an example of a food that is high in water?

Melons

Part of the circulatory system?

Plasma

Blood cells also keeps the volume?

Intravascular

What is to much volume?

Hypervolemia

Sometimes what about headache ?

Elevated temperature

Sodium range

134-145

Potassium Range

3.5-5

Calcium Range

8.4-10.6 mg